W3 Chapter 5.7 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Risk Factors

Question 1

In PTSD a traumatic event is thought to cause a …….. memory

Answer 1

pathological

Question 2

How many symptoms does the DSM-5 recognise for PTSD

Answer 2

20 symptoms

Question 3

What are the four main groups of PTSD symptoms

Answer 3

1. Intrusion
2. Avoidance
3. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood
4. Arousal and reactivity

Question 4

What is meant by the “Intrusion” group of PTSD symptoms

Answer 4

Recurrent reexperiencing of the traumatic event through nightmares, intrusive images and physiological reactivity to reminders of the trauma

Question 5

What is meant by the “Avoidance” group of PTSD symptoms

Answer 5

Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or reminders of the trauma

Question 6

What is meant by the “Negative alterations in cognitions and mood” group of PTSD symptoms

Answer 6

Feelings of detachment, shame, anger, or distorted blame of oneself of others

Question 7

What is meant by the “Arousal and reactivity” group of PTSD symptoms

Answer 7

Hypervigilance, excessive response when startled, aggression, or reckless behaviour

Question 8

What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD in the US

Answer 8

6.8%

Question 9

What id the gender difference in the lifetime prevalence of PTSD

Answer 9

9.7% for women and 3.6% for men

Question 10

What are the two factors that lead to development of PTSD

Answer 10

1. Risk of experiencing traumatic events
2. Risk of developing PTSD in response to experiencing traumatic events

Question 11

What are the five risk factors that increase the likelihood of being exposed to trauma

Answer 11

1. being male
2. lower education level
3. childhood conduct problems
4. family history of disorder
5. high neuroticism and extraversion

Question 12

Given exposure to a traumatic event, what four risk factors increase the risk of developing PTSD

Answer 12

1. being female
2. high neuroticism
3. pre-existing depression and anxiety
4. family history of depression, anxiety and substance abuse

Question 13

What positive factor can be protective against PTSD

Answer 13

good cognitive ability

Question 14

What two biological factors increase the risk of developing PTSD

Answer 14

1. s/s genotype of 5HTTLPR gene
2. small hippocampal volume

Question 15

What four sociocultural factors increase the risk of development of PTSD

Answer 15

1. being in a minority group
2. low education
3. low income
4. low social support