Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

III - PH (Plant Health III) > W3, Biology and diagnosis of plant pathogens > Flashcards

W3, Biology and diagnosis of plant pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Soft rot in apple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Black spot on field pea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Grapevine leaf roll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Downy mildew on grapevine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Powdery mildew on cucumber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s the disease?

A

Mosaic virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the disease?

A

Damping off (post emergence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Powdery mildew on grapevine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

How can you tell it apart from other diseases that it resembles?

A

Shot hole in almond

→ Red discolouration that looks like rust pustules, but don’t rub off.

→ Holes eventually form in the leaf once the discoloured areas fall out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the disease (of the plant on the right)?

A

Phytophthera root rot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s the genus?

What’s the disease?

A

Rust on Prunus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of plant is this and what disease does it have?

A

Shot hole disease in stone fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

What other symptoms occur that aren’t visible in the image?

How can you tell it apart from other diseases that it resembles?

A

Almond rust (aka prune rust)

→ Red/orange dots on the underside of the leaf

→ If the pustules rub off, its rust. If they don’t it’s probably the early stages of shot hole disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the disease?

A

Damping off (pre-emergence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Witches broom of willow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the disease?

What’s the plant?

A

Antracnose (black spot) on grapevine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Phytophthera root rot of banksia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Sugarcane smut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Shot hole in almond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an easy method for distinguishing rust from other similar-looking diseases?

A

Rub the pustules on the under-side of the leaf - if they come off it’s rust.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

How can you tell it apart from other diseases that it resembles?

A

Almond rust (aka prune rust)

→ If the pustules rub off, its rust. If they don’t it’s probably the early stages of shot hole disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What’s the difference between signs and symptoms?

A

Sign: Visible pathogen structures

Symptoms: Plant response to the pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Botrytis bunch rot (on grapes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the steps for identifying a plant pathogen?

A
  1. Identify the host species
  2. Perform preliminary examination of the host and/or specimen
  3. Prepare a list of possible causes
  4. Collect background information (soil condition, management history, local pest/disease outbreaks, etc.)
  5. Perform thorough visual examination of the specimen and record observation
  6. Perform low-power examination (hand lens or dissecting microscope), looking at/for:
  • Fungal
    • hyphae
    • reproductive structures (conidia/ophores, sporangia/ophores)
    • growth habit
  • Nematodes
  • Colour
  • Size
  • Any other diagnostic features
  1. Perform high power examination (compound microscope); look for the same things previously stated.
  2. Perform advanced tests
  • Fungi:
    • moist incubation to encourage sporulation
    • culture (view under low- and high-powered microscopes)
    • septa
    • reproductive structures (conidia/ophores, sporangia/ophores)
    • size, shape, and colour of spores
    • the presence of rhizoids
  • perform metabolic analysis
  • Bacteria
    • Culture (view under compound microscope)
    • Morphology (shape, size, elevation, etc)
    • Biochemistry
    • Gram stain
  • Infect a healthy host to confirm symptoms are a result of the pathogen
    • Depends on the value of the crop/pathogen.

If no pathogen was found, the problem is environmental/nutritional/etc

When a pathogen is identified, research and prepare recommendations for management

At each stage of the process, attempt to identify the pathogen by comparing the diagnostic features observed with diagnostic information in relevant reference material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Rust on grapevine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Botrytis bunch rot (grey mould) on grapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What’s the fruit?

What’s the disease?

A

Plum pox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Rust on roses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Utypa dieback of apricot

30
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Leaf curl on peach

31
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Common scab on potato

32
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Bacterial canker in cherry

33
Q

What’s the (type of) plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Powdery mildew on a cereal

34
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Utypa dieback on apricot

35
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

How can you tell it apart from other diseases that it resembles?

A

Shot hole in almond

→ Red discolouration that looks like rust pustules, but don’t rub off.

→ Holes eventually form in the leaf once the discoloured areas fall out

36
Q

What’s the disease?

What’s the plant?

A

Apple scab

37
Q

When would you want to scout a grapevine your Utypa dieback?

A
  • Spring
    • You want to be able to see the shoots easily and evaluate them at a relatively young stage so as not to have healthy shoots overtake/hide diseased ones from sight.
38
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Collar rot on grape

39
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Potato wart disease

40
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Soft rot of potato

41
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Bacterial wilt of tomato

42
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Loose smut on wheat

43
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Bacterial dieback of pistachio

44
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Utypa dieback of grapevine

45
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Collar rot on chestnut seedling

46
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

How can you tell it apart from other diseases that it resembles?

A

Shot hole in almond

→ Red discolouration that looks like rust pustules, but don’t rub off.

→ Holes eventually form in the leaf once the discoloured areas fall out

47
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Scab on citrus

48
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Stem rust on a cereal

49
Q

What is the plant?

What is the disease?

What are some common symptoms other than what the image shows?

A

Powdery mildew on grape leaves

→ Under the scope you’ll see yellow fruiting bodies

→ Don’t always see grey mould

→ Can start out as patchy chlorosis

50
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Fig mosaic virus

51
Q

What’s the fruit?

What’s the disease?

A

Powdery mildew on grapes

52
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Leafroll of grapevine

53
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Club root on brassica

54
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Botrytis grey mould on tomatoes

55
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

What other symptoms occur that aren’t visible in the image?

How can you tell it apart from other diseases that it resembles?

A

Almond rust (aka prune rust)

→ Chlorotic dots on the surface of the leaf

→ If the pustules rub off, its rust. If they don’t it’s probably the early stages of shot hole disease.

56
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Bacterial canker in cherry

57
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Bacterial canker in cherry

58
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Crown gall on rose

59
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Crown gall on grapevine

60
Q

What’s the plant?

What’s the disease?

A

Eutypa dieback of grapevine

61
Q

What are two symptoms of almond rust?

A

→ Chlorosis on the upper-surface of the leaf

→ Orange/brown pustules on the under-side of the leaf that come off when rubbed.

62
Q

What are some common symptoms of:

Rust

A

Chlorosis on upper leaf surface

Small lesions on leaves and stems, usually rust-coloured, often surrounded by chlorotic halo.

63
Q

What are some common symptoms of:

Blight

A

General, rapid browning and death of affected organs (leaves, flowers, branches)

64
Q

What are some common symptoms of:

Shot hole disease

A

Starts out as small chlorotic dots with a red/purpley ring around the outside.

The middle dies (becomes necrotic) and falls out, leaving a hole.

65
Q

What are some common symptoms of:

Canker

A

Localised necrotic lesion on stem or fleshy organ, often sunken.

Can just look like a black area.

66
Q

What are some common symptoms of:

Eutypa dieback

A

Similar to canker

Gummy, sappy ooze being exuded

Dieback of limb(s).

67
Q

What are some common symptoms of:

Eutypa dieback

A

Similar to canker

Gummy, sappy ooze being exuded

Dieback of limb(s).

68
Q

What is a quick method for checking if a disease is caused by bacteria?

A

Placing stem/root segments in a tube of water and observing for turbidity (which indicates bacterial infection).

Or, in a lab, you could place tissue from the margin of a lesion in water on a slide, and observe microscopically for bacteria streaming from the cut surface.

69
Q

What source of disease (virus, bacteria, or fungi) would you expect from these symptoms:

mosaic, mottling, rolling, dwarfing

A

Virus.

70
Q

What source of disease (virus, bacteria, or fungi) would you expect from these symptoms:

oily leaf spots, blight, ooze

A

Bacteria.

71
Q

What source of disease (virus, bacteria, or fungi) would you expect from these symptoms:

spores, spore-bearing structures

A

Fungi.

III - PH (Plant Health III) (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions