W3 Abdominal Wall & Intestines Flashcards
What are the main muscles of the abdomen?
Rectus abdominus, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominus
Describe the position of the external obliques
Sit laterally and go downwards and forwards
What is the relationship of the internal and external obliques?
Internal obliques sit at 90 degrees to external obliques
What are aponeuroses?
sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles with wide area of attachment
What do aponeuroses form?
rectus sheath
Where do the lines of alba sit?
Down the midline
How many layers of muscle is the abdomen wall composed of laterally
3
Describe the anterior wall of the abdomen
vertical band of muscle - rectus abdominus
How long is the rectus abdominus
extends from the xiphysternum to the pubic crest
What is the rectus abdominus contained in
separate fascial envelope
What is the anterior blood supply to the abdomen
superior and inferior epigastric arteries
What supplies the body wall laterally
segmental lumbar arteries
What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall supplied with
successive segmental nerves from T8 to L1
What do the segmental lumbar arteries arise from
abdominal aorta
What do the abdominal muscles regulate
pressure within the peritoneal cavity
What are the movements of the abdominal wall important?
respiration, coughing, defaecation, child birth, lifting
What does compression of abdominal muscles aid
defaecation
What does bilateral compression on both sides cause - abdomen
compression
What does unilateral compression cause
rotation
What is the function of the external oblique aponeurosis
connect obliques to abdominal muscles
What is the oesophagus connected to
stomach
What is the function of the transversus abdominus
hold abdominal walls in
Which is the deepest muscle in the abdomen
transverse abdominus
What is the stomach followed by
duodenum
What is the duodenum followed by
jejunum and ileum
What is the ileum followed by
large intestine
What is the large intestine composed of
caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anus
What is the small intestine composed of
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What is a feature of the small intestine
pilcae circularis
What are the 3 midline arteries supplying the GI tract
coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
What does the coeliac trunk supply?
oesophagus, stomach, part of the duodenum
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
rest of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending colon and transverse colon
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply
last part of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
What are the pilcae circularis
folds on the small intestine
What is the function of the pilcae circularis
increase surface area
What are the characteristic features of the large intestine?
appendices epiploica, haustrations, taenia coli
What are the sections of the stomach
fundus, body, cardia, pylorus
What are the appendices epiploica
fat hanging off the large intestine
What are haustrations
scallop edge on large intestine
What are the Taenia Coli
3 bands of longitudinal muscle
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply
ONLY but ALL of the midgut
Where does the superior mesenteric artery come off
L1
What part of the digestive system contains good bacteria
caecum
Why does the caecum contain good bacteria
prevent infections
What is the EXACT regions of the superior mesenteric artery
2nd part of duodenum to 2/3rds down the transverse colon
What is the peritoneum
membrane
Name some types of peritoneum
visceral and parietal peritoneum, mesentery
What are structures called that are inside the peritoneum
intra peritoneal
What are the intra-peritoneal structures
stomach, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, liver, gallbladder
Describe retroperitoneal structures
outside the peritoneal membrane
What are the retroperitoneal structures
pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, oesophagus, rectum
Describe the mesentery
double layer of parietal peritoneum in which intestines are contained
What is omphalocele
when developing gut sits outside the body
What is diaphragmatic hernia
stomach high in chest, high mortality rate
