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BMS 228 Anatomy > W3 Abdominal Wall & Intestines > Flashcards

W3 Abdominal Wall & Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main muscles of the abdomen?

A

Rectus abdominus, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominus

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2
Q

Describe the position of the external obliques

A

Sit laterally and go downwards and forwards

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3
Q

What is the relationship of the internal and external obliques?

A

Internal obliques sit at 90 degrees to external obliques

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4
Q

What are aponeuroses?

A

sheet of white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles with wide area of attachment

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5
Q

What do aponeuroses form?

A

rectus sheath

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6
Q

Where do the lines of alba sit?

A

Down the midline

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7
Q

How many layers of muscle is the abdomen wall composed of laterally

A

3

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8
Q

Describe the anterior wall of the abdomen

A

vertical band of muscle - rectus abdominus

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9
Q

How long is the rectus abdominus

A

extends from the xiphysternum to the pubic crest

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10
Q

What is the rectus abdominus contained in

A

separate fascial envelope

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11
Q

What is the anterior blood supply to the abdomen

A

superior and inferior epigastric arteries

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12
Q

What supplies the body wall laterally

A

segmental lumbar arteries

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13
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall supplied with

A

successive segmental nerves from T8 to L1

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14
Q

What do the segmental lumbar arteries arise from

A

abdominal aorta

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15
Q

What do the abdominal muscles regulate

A

pressure within the peritoneal cavity

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16
Q

What are the movements of the abdominal wall important?

A

respiration, coughing, defaecation, child birth, lifting

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17
Q

What does compression of abdominal muscles aid

A

defaecation

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18
Q

What does bilateral compression on both sides cause - abdomen

A

compression

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19
Q

What does unilateral compression cause

A

rotation

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20
Q

What is the function of the external oblique aponeurosis

A

connect obliques to abdominal muscles

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21
Q

What is the oesophagus connected to

A

stomach

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22
Q

What is the function of the transversus abdominus

A

hold abdominal walls in

23
Q

Which is the deepest muscle in the abdomen

A

transverse abdominus

24
Q

What is the stomach followed by

A

duodenum

25
Q

What is the duodenum followed by

A

jejunum and ileum

26
Q

What is the ileum followed by

A

large intestine

27
Q

What is the large intestine composed of

A

caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anus

28
Q

What is the small intestine composed of

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

29
Q

What is a feature of the small intestine

A

pilcae circularis

30
Q

What are the 3 midline arteries supplying the GI tract

A

coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

31
Q

What does the coeliac trunk supply?

A

oesophagus, stomach, part of the duodenum

32
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

rest of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending colon and transverse colon

33
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

last part of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

34
Q

What are the pilcae circularis

A

folds on the small intestine

35
Q

What is the function of the pilcae circularis

A

increase surface area

36
Q

What are the characteristic features of the large intestine?

A

appendices epiploica, haustrations, taenia coli

37
Q

What are the sections of the stomach

A

fundus, body, cardia, pylorus

38
Q

What are the appendices epiploica

A

fat hanging off the large intestine

39
Q

What are haustrations

A

scallop edge on large intestine

40
Q

What are the Taenia Coli

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle

41
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

ONLY but ALL of the midgut

42
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric artery come off

A

L1

43
Q

What part of the digestive system contains good bacteria

A

caecum

44
Q

Why does the caecum contain good bacteria

A

prevent infections

45
Q

What is the EXACT regions of the superior mesenteric artery

A

2nd part of duodenum to 2/3rds down the transverse colon

46
Q

What is the peritoneum

A

membrane

47
Q

Name some types of peritoneum

A

visceral and parietal peritoneum, mesentery

48
Q

What are structures called that are inside the peritoneum

A

intra peritoneal

49
Q

What are the intra-peritoneal structures

A

stomach, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, liver, gallbladder

50
Q

Describe retroperitoneal structures

A

outside the peritoneal membrane

51
Q

What are the retroperitoneal structures

A

pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, oesophagus, rectum

52
Q

Describe the mesentery

A

double layer of parietal peritoneum in which intestines are contained

53
Q

What is omphalocele

A

when developing gut sits outside the body

54
Q

What is diaphragmatic hernia

A

stomach high in chest, high mortality rate

BMS 228 Anatomy (9 decks)

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