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sleep and circadian > w2) neurobio of sleep > Flashcards

w2) neurobio of sleep Flashcards

1
Q

#1 wake promoting systems

What are the 7 wake promoting systems?

name NT involved- CM DOSHN

A

ascending reticular branch - 1) cholnergic 2) monoaminergic
3) norepinephrine
4) seratonin
5) histamine
6) dopaminergic
7) orexin hypocretin

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2
Q

#1 wake promoting systems

What does brainstem RF do in the EEG? to which brain region? result?

3 steps

A

brainstem reticular formation DYSYNCHRONIZES in EEG

basal forebrain BFB

result: wakefulness

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3
Q

Ascending Reticular formation branch 1

cholinergic pathway is a part of?

A

acending reticular fomation activating center

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4
Q

Ascending Reticular formation branch 1

cholinergic pathway invovled with which 2 main functions?

A

1) wakefulness
2) REM sleep

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5
Q

Ascending Reticular formation branch 1

Which 2 brain areas is cholinergic pathway presented in?
Which NT? highest amount in?

hint: LPA

A
  • LDT (lateral dorsal tegmental nuclei)
  • PPT (ped pontine tegmental)
  • releases acetylcholine
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6
Q

ascending reticular formation branch 2

What is the second ascending activating center? (after cholinergic)

A

monoaminergic pathway

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7
Q

ascending reticular formation branch 2

monoaminergic pathway invovled with what 1 main function? what type of inputs?

A

1) alertness
excitatory inputs

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8
Q

ascending reticular formation branch 2

monoaminergic most active in? less in? none in?

A

wake - most
NREM - less
REM - off

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9
Q

ascending reticular formation branch 2

What 4 major NT involved?

DSHN

A

dopamine
serotonin
histamine
norepineprhine

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10
Q

DSHN - D

Dopamine located in which 2 regions?

A

substancia nigra (STN)
VTA

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11
Q

DSHN - D

Dopamine has how many receptors? bursts in what pattern?

inc what?
dec what?

A

2 receptors - D1, D2
bursts activity is TEMPORARY
inc - wake, arousal
dec - SWS, REM sleep

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12
Q

DSHN - D

What are the 3 functions involved with dopamine?

A

locomotion
reward/pleasure
cognition

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13
Q

DSHN - S

Serotonin is located in which brain region?

A

raphe nuclei (RN)

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14
Q

DSHN - S

Serotonin regulates?
inc ?
dec?
most in? less in? off in?

A

regualtes behavior
inc quiet waking
dec REM
most in wake, less NREM, off in REM

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15
Q

DSHN - H

Histamine is located in which brain region? How many histamine receptors?

A

TMN = tuberomamiliary nuclei
3 H receptors

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16
Q

DSHN- H

drugs BLOCKING H1. H2 receptors (excitatory) will inc what?

A

blocking a waking NT - means will be less awake/sleep promoting

inc NREM, REM

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17
Q

DSHN - H

drugs using H3 receptors (inhibitory) will manage?

A

narcolepsy

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18
Q

DSHN - N

norepinephrine is located in which brain region? most in? less in? off in?
related to what type of behavior?

A

locus coeruleus (LC)
most in wake, less in NREM, off in REM
AROUSAL stress related beahvior

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19
Q

What is a NON monoaminergic wake promoting system?

A

orexin/hypocretin
excludes DSHN - mono
acetylcholine - cholin

20
Q

orexin/hypocretin

What is the role of orexin/hypocretin?
stimulates which 3 main aspects?
regulates REM/WAKE/NREM?

A

“life substance” stimulates wake, feeding, reward

regulates REM, WAKE

21
Q

orexin/hypocretin

Orexin/hypocretin most in? off in?
How many receptors?

A

most in wake
off in SWS, REM
wake maintenance

22
Q

orexin/hypocretin

If a person has NO orexin/hypocretin, what disease will most likely have?

A

narcolepsy - excessive sleepiness

23
Q

orexin/hypocretin

Which 1 brain region is orexin located?

A

hypothalamus

24
Q

orexin/hypocretin

What NT is involved in hypothalamus?

A

orexin

25
Q

What NT is PPT and LDT?

hint: C for Charlie is in charge of the powerpoint PPT

A

acetycholine - cholinergic pathway

26
Q

What NT is in STN and VTA?

hint: D (David) is at the VTA Station (STN)

A

dopamine

27
Q

What NT is in RN - raphe nuclei?

S (Suanne) and Raphe

A

Serotonin

28
Q

What NT is in tuberomammillary TBN?

H (Henry) is in bathing in a tub…

A

Histamine

29
Q

What NT is in LC - locus coeruleus?

N (Nate) loves to give lotus flowers

A

Norepinephrine

30
Q

sleep REM promoting systems

What are the 2 main REM sleep promoting systems?

A

VLPO - ventro lateral pre-optic nucleus
parafacial zone PFZ

note: also MnPN

31
Q

sleep REM promoting systems

What NT is most activated in VLPO and PFZ?

A

GABA

32
Q

VLPO

Which brain region is the source of VLPO? releases what NT?

A

anterior hypothalamus
GABA

33
Q

in VLPO (source 1)

Is GABA sustained or not?
IS GABA highest before/or after sleep onset?

A

sustained
highest AFTER sleep onset

34
Q

MnPN

Is GABA sustained or not?
IS GABA highest before/or after sleep onset?

A

not sustained
hgihest in EARLY NREM, dec in sleep onset

35
Q

sleep wake transition and flip flop switch is a see-saw of wake/sleep. When SLEEP SIGNAL IS HIGH, what is INHIBITIED/which NT ? what is ACTIVE?

A

INACTIVE- cholin, mono, DSHN, O

ACTIVE - VLPO, PFZ, eyes facial zone,

36
Q

sleep wake transition and flip flop switch is a see-saw of wake/sleep. When WAKE SIGNAL IS HIGH, what is INHIBITIED/which NT? what is ACTIVE?

A

INACTIVE - VLPO, PFZ, GABA inhibitied

ACTIVE - mono, amin, DSHN, O, Glutamate

37
Q

Which NT does PFZ inhibit?

A

Glutamate

38
Q

key part of sleep wake flip flop switch

Is there a NT ON IN BOTH sleep and wake systems? Which one? What’s the role?

A

Orexin - on in both sleep and wake
role - STABILIZER

39
Q

process S

Process S is related to sleep ?
builds up when ?
dec and off when?
what substance inc?
related to which sleep stage?

A

homeostasis, related to sleep pressure propenisty
builds when awake
highest in nightime
dec and off once asleep
adenodinr inc proportion to wake hours,
related to SWS

40
Q

process S

sleep regulation homeostasis is which process?

A

Process S

41
Q

process C

Process C is regulated by?
what is the master clock in humans regulating rhythm?
reset by what stimulus?

A

circadian regulation
SCN -suprachiasmatic nucleus in ant hypothalamus
rest near 24 hr - by LIGHT

42
Q

SWS

When is SWS highest in the night? start, mid or end?

A

start 1/4 of night

43
Q

extending awake time (process S) will do what to sleep pressure?

A

delay time to fall asleep

44
Q

napping will do what to sleep pressure and SWS?

A

extend sleep presssure timing, used to rise and peak at 9 pm –> 11 pm
dec next SWS at night

45
Q

Which NT is most in hypothalamus? in charge of what 3 roles?

hint: O (oliver) focuses on …

A

Orexin
wake, feed, pleasure

sleep and circadian (6 decks)

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