W2 Luminal Protozoa

Question 1

MOT of Entaemoba histolytica

Answer 1

Ingestion of cyst from contaminated food, hands and water

Question 2

Is it pathogenic or not? (E. histolytica)

Answer 2

Highly pathogenic

Question 3

What is the etiological agent of E. histolytica

Answer 3

Amoebic dysentery

Question 4

What are the 4 risk factors of E. histolytica?

Answer 4

a. Not wash hands after gardening/playing with soil
b. Not wash hands after using toilet
c. Defecation in river/bush
d. Close contact with domestic animals

Question 5

Describe the life cycle of E. histolytica

Answer 5

a. MOT ingestion of contaminated food, hand and water
b. Excystation of cyst to trophozoite in small intestine
c. Trophozoite migrate to large intestine
d. Undergo asexual reproduction, binary fission
e. Encystation and produce cyst
f. Pass in the feces

Question 6

2 types of pathogenesis (E. histolytica)

Answer 6

Intraintestinal and Extraintestinal

Question 7

Describe intraintestinal pathogenesis (Non-invasive) (E. histolytica)

Answer 7

1. Asymptomatic

Question 8

Describe intraintestinal pathogenesis (Invasive) (E. histolytica)

Answer 8

• Occurs in intestinal mucosa
• Trophozoite invade the intestinal mucosa
• Damage the mucosa aided by histolysin (tissue lytic enzyme)

Question 9

Manifestation of intraintestinal (Invasive) (E. histolytica)

Answer 9

• Amoebic ulcer (discrete ulcer, with pinhead centre and raised edge)

Question 10

Describe extraintestinal pathogenesis (invasive) (E. histolytica)

Answer 10

-Trophozoite spread to other part of the body
- Via blood

Question 11

Manifestation of extraintestinal (invasive) (E. histolytica)

Answer 11

a. Liver abcess
b. Spleen abcess
c. Amoebic cerebral abcess
d. Pulmonary amoebiasis

Question 12

Clinical symptoms of E.Histolytica

Answer 12

1. Asymptomatic
2. Acute intestinal amoebiasis
   - Dysentery
   - Acute abdominal pain
   - Fever
3. Chronic amoebiasis
   - Continuous attack of diarrhea
   - Abdominal pain
   - Weight loss

Question 13

2 MOT of Giardia lamblia/intestinalis

Answer 13

• Ingestion of contaminated food, hands and water
  -Direct person to person contact (children, male homosexual & institutional occupants

Question 14

Describe life cycle of Giardia lamblia/intestinalis

Answer 14

a. MOT ingestion of contaminated food hands water/direct person to person contact
b. Excystation of cyst in small intestine
c. Tropozoite undergo binary fission
d. Encystation to produce cyst
e. Pass through the feces

Question 15

Describe 3 steps of the pathogenesis of Giardia lamblia/intestinalis

Answer 15

1. Trophozoite not invade the intestinal mucosa
   - Attach to intestinal mucosa using sucking disk
   - Cause villi/mucosa layer to shorten
2. Causing inflammation in intestinal mucosa
   - lesion to mucosal cells
3. Intestinal malabsorption syndrome
   - Impaired absorption of folate & vitamin b12

Question 16

Clinical symptoms of Giardia lamblia/intestinalis

Answer 16

• asymptomatic
• diarrhea
• steatorrhea
• dull epigastric pain
• flatulence
• weight loss
• severe giardiasis

Question 17

3 MOT of Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 17

• Sexual transmission
• Using contaminated toilet, towels and toilet seat.
• Acquired to babies (passing thru birth canal)

Question 18

Habitat of Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 18

vagina
epididymis
prostate
urethra

Question 19

Life cycle of Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 19

• Binary fission at its habitat

Question 20

Why Trichomonas vaginalis multiple at one spot only?

Answer 20

Only has trophozoite stage (absence of cyst stage)