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3J - BACTERIOLOGY LEC (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) > W2 - BACTERIAL GROWTH > Flashcards

W2 - BACTERIAL GROWTH Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of classification system

A

Numerical classification
Phylogenetic classification
Phenotypic classification

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2
Q

Basis: frequency of trait-sharing (phenetics)

A

Numerical taxonomy

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3
Q

Numerical taxonomy is also called

A

Computer taxonomy

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4
Q

Has 20 biochemical tests for bacteria identification; collect/compile posi/nega reactions in the biochemical test

A

Analytical Profile Index (API)

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5
Q

ID VALUE: 32143

A

Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter sakazakii

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6
Q

ID VALUE: 32143 E. cloacae (Atypical test result & Confirmatory test)

A

Sorbitol- = -

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7
Q

ID VALUE: 32143 E. sakazakii (Atypical test result & Confirmatory test)

A

Urea+ = +

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8
Q

ID VALUE: 32161 (Atypical test result & Confirmatory test)

A

None = V-P+

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9
Q

ID VALUE: 32162 (Atypical test result & Confirmatory test)

A

Citrate- = no confirmatory test

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10
Q

Automated instrument for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing

A

VITEK 2

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11
Q

Basis: genetic similarity and evolutionary relatedness

A

Phylogenetic classification

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12
Q

3 domains of phylogenetic classification

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryota

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13
Q

Phylogenetic classification: Bacteria

A

(Green ProTABS PC+; 9)

Green filamentous bacteria
Proteobacteria
Thermotoga
Aquifex
Bacteroides Cytophages
Spirochetes
Planctomyces
Cyanobacteria
Gram positives

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14
Q

Phylogenetic classification: Archaea

A

(MethaTHaloP; 7)

Methanobacterium
Methanococci
Methanosarcina
T. celer
Thermoproteus
Halophiles
Pyrodicticum

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15
Q

Phylogenetic classification: Eukarya

A

(PEAS FC FT MD; 10)

Plants
Entamoebas
Animals
Slime molds
Flagellates
Ciliates
Fungi
Trichomonads
Microsporidia
Diplomonads

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16
Q

Basis: overall similarities

A

Phenotypic classification

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17
Q

Observable characteristics (phenotypic classification)

A

Microscopic characteristics
Colony morphology

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18
Q

Group or level of classification

A

Taxa/Taxon

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19
Q

Hierarchical system within domains (high to low)

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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20
Q

Basic unit of taxonomy

A

Species

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21
Q

Represents a specific, recognized type of organism; identified by comparison w known “type strains”

A

Species

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22
Q

No mixture of oth organisms

A

Pure culture

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23
Q

An organization that stores and provides standard cultures to the academe, researchers, etc.

A

American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)

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24
Q

Num of times an organism was cultured

A

Passage

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25
Q

Limit of pure culture passages

A

5

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26
Q

Population of microbes descended from a single individual or pure culture

A

Strain

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27
Q

Strains represent - within a species

A

Genetic variability

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28
Q

3 classification of strains

A

Biovars
Morphovars
Serovars

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29
Q

Differ in their biochemical and physiological characteristics

A

BIOVARS

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30
Q

Differ in morphology

A

Morphovars

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31
Q

Strains based on antigenic property or serum

A

Serovars

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32
Q

Ex. Biovars

A

Ureaplasma urealyticum

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33
Q

Ex. Morphovars

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

● Coyrnebacterium mitis
● Corynebacterium intermedius
● Corynebacterium gravis

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34
Q

Ex. Serovars

A

Salmonella enterica

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35
Q

Escherichia coli honors -

A

Theodor Escherich

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36
Q

Main resource for determining the identity of bacteria species, utilizing every characterizing aspect

A

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

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37
Q

Major elements

A

(MICHON PSP)

Magnesium
Iron
Calciuum
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Phosporus
Sulfur
Potassium

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38
Q

Trace elements

A

(M2C2Z)

Manganese
Molybdenum
Cobalt
Copper
Zinc

39
Q

Function of elements

A

Act as co-factors for enzymatic reactions

40
Q

Phototroph energy source & 2 processes

A

Light

Anoxygenic (no o2 presence)
Oxygenic (w/ o2 presence)

41
Q

Nutritional types of chemotroph

A

Chemolitotrophs
Chemoorganotrophs

42
Q

Chemotroph energy source

A

Chemical (Inorganic chemicals and Organic chemicals)

43
Q

Autotroph (Canophiles) carbon source

A

Co2

44
Q

Heterotroph carbon source

A

Organic compounds

45
Q

essential substances that the organism is unable to
synthesize from available nutrients

A

Growth factors

46
Q

Required for the synthesis of nucleic acid.

A

Purines and pyrimidines

47
Q

Required for the synthesis of proteins

A

Amino acids

48
Q

Required for the synthesis of coenzymes and certain enzymes

A

Vitamins

49
Q

Organisms that require a variety of growth factors to gr

A

Fastidious organisms

50
Q

Organisms that strictly require oxygen for them to grow

A

Obligate aerobes

51
Q

Organisms that can grow with or without the presence of oxygen; Produces ATP via
AEROBIC RESPIRATION

A

Facultative Anaerobes

52
Q

Organisms that don’t need the presence of oxygen for them to grow

A

Obligate anaerobes

53
Q

Organisms that do not really need the presence of oxygen for them to grow; Even with the presence of oxygen, they can still survive

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

54
Q

Organisms that can grow with the presence of a little amount of oxygen

A

Microaerophiles

55
Q

Organisms that can grow with or without the presence of oxygen; Produces ATP via
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

A

Facultative aerobes

56
Q

Obligate aerobes, most facultative anaerobes

A

Superoxide dismutase: +
Catalase: +
Peroxidase: -

57
Q

Most aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Superoxide dismutase: +
Catalase: -
Peroxidase: +

58
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Superoxide dismutase: -
Catalase: -
Peroxidase: -

59
Q

Tests for streptococcus

A

PYR
BEA
Taxo A
Taxo B

60
Q

can grow in low/cold temperatures
○ Usually 0 —20 °C

A

Psychrophiles

61
Q

Psychrophiles known as

A

Psychrotrophs / Facultative psychrophiles

Psychroduric

62
Q

○ 20 —45 °C
○ Almost room temperature — body temperature
○ Most pathogenic organisms

A

Mesophiles

63
Q

Above 45 °C (hot-loving)

A

Thermophiles

64
Q

grow beyond boiling point: 100 °C

A

Hyperthermophiles

65
Q

Organisms that love moist environment

A

Humidophiles

66
Q

Organisms that love dry environment

A

Xerophiles

67
Q

Only common solute that occurs over a wide concentration range

A

Salt (NaCl)

68
Q

organisms that are able to live in environments that are high in sugar

A

Osmophiles

69
Q

Mild halophiles

A

1-6% salt

70
Q

Moderate halophiles

A

6-15% salt

71
Q

Extreme halophiles

A

15-30% salt

72
Q

● Does not require salt in order for them to grow
● BUT can tolerate the presence of salt for their survival

A

Halotolerant

73
Q

Movement of a SOLUTE from high concentration to low concentration

A

Simple diffusion

74
Q

Solute combined with transporter protein in order for them to move across the membrane; needs ATP

A

Facilitated diffusion

75
Q

Movement of WATER from an area of ↑ H2O concentration to an area of ↓ H2O

A

Osmosis

76
Q

Pressure required to stop H2O movement across the membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

77
Q

No net movement of water

A

Isotonic [isosmotic] solution

78
Q

Extracellular water enters the cell that may cause the cell to burst (osmotic lysis)

A

Hypotonic [hypoosmotic] solution

79
Q

Water molecules moves out of the cell causing it to shrink (plasmolysis)

A

Hypertonic [hyperosmotic] solution

80
Q

Ph of most bacteria

A

Ph 6.5-7.5 (7.2-7.6); slightly alkaline

81
Q

Ph of molds and yeasts

A

Ph 5-6 (acidic)

82
Q

Bacteria that can grow well below optimum pH

A

Acidophile (pH 2-5)

83
Q

Grow best in optimum pH

A

Neutrophile (pH 7)

84
Q

Bacteria that can grow best on alkaline conditions

A

Alkaliphile (pH 8-9)

85
Q

Range of ph which the organism cannot grow

A

Min ph and max ph

86
Q

Binary fission process

A
  1. Cell elongates and DNA is replicated
  2. Cell wall and plasma membrane begin to divide
  3. Cross-wall forms completely around divided DNA 4. Cells separate into two
87
Q

4 phases of bacterial growth curve

A

Log phase
Lag phase
Stationary/Plateau phase
Death/Logarithmic decline phase

88
Q

Adjustment period; no growth and death of bacteria

A

Lag phase

89
Q

○ exponential phase/exponential growth phase
○ means of replication of bacteria through binary
fission

A

Log phase

90
Q

number of cell death is equal to number of new
bacteria produced

A

Stationary/Plateau Phase

91
Q

All bacteria enter death phase

A

Death/Logarithmic Decline Phase

92
Q

Causes exponential growth/ log phase to stop

A

Waste product accumulation
Exhaustion of nutrients
Toxin production
Harmful pH change

93
Q

● The time it takes for an organism to double its number
● Time required for a cell to divide

A

Doubling time

3J - BACTERIOLOGY LEC (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) (4 decks)

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