W1 - INTRO AND HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY

Question 1

cause disease when the hosts defenses are compromised or when they grow in a part of the body that is not natural to them

Answer 1

opportunistic pathogens

Question 2

year and name
- coined “cell”
- observed cork through a microscope

Answer 2

1665, Robert Hooke

Question 3

first to observe live microorganisms (animalcules)

Answer 3

anton van leeuwenhoek

Question 4

leeuwenhoke made detaile ddrawings of organisms he found in the -, -, -?

Answer 4

rain water, feces, material scraped from teeth

Question 5

devised two-part naming system; father of taxonomy

Answer 5

carolus linnaeus

Question 6

explain abiogenesis

Answer 6

living organisms arise from nonliving matter

Question 7

explain biogenesis

Answer 7

origin of life is due to pre-existing life

Question 8

developers of cell theory

Answer 8

rudolf virchow
theodor schwann
matthias jacob schleiden

Question 9

proposed theory of biogenesis; observed that cell divide to produce more cells

Answer 9

rudolf virchow

Question 10

cell theory (3)

Answer 10

all living things are COMPOSED OF CELL
all life functions of an organism OCCUR WITHIN A CELL
all cells come from PRE-EXISTING CELLS

Question 11

people who proved biogenesis theory

Answer 11

louis pasteur
francesco redi
lazzaro spallanzani

Question 12

performed test for spontaneous generation (proved that cells can only arsis from pre existing cells)

Answer 12

louis pasteur 1864

Question 13

golden age of microbiology

Answer 13

1857-1914

Question 14

microbes is responsible for

Answer 14

fermentation snd spoilage of food

Question 15

chemical break down of substance by bacteria, yeast and other org. - involving effervescent in the giving of heat

Answer 15

fermentation

Question 16

produced when bacteria ferments ETHANOL in WINE

Answer 16

vinegar (HAc)

Question 17

process if heating the object - make it safe ex milk

Answer 17

pasteurization

Question 18

based on the concept that many diseases are caused by infections w microorganisms

Answer 18

germ theory of disease

Question 19

laid the notion that diseases could be spread by seed-like entities and were categorized based on how they could be transmitted

Answer 19

Girolamo Fracastoro (1550s)

Question 20

demonstrated that the disease AFFLICTING SILKWORMS was caused by a parasitic fungus

Answer 20

Agostino Bassi (1835)

Question 21

theorized that disease in humans and animals was also caused by microorganisms

Answer 21

Agostino Bassi (1835)

Question 22

demonstrated that life did not arrive spontaneously from non living matter

Answer 22

Louis Paster 1865

Question 23

discovered silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan

Answer 23

Louis Pasteur 1865

Question 24

advocated HANDWASHING to prevent the spread of puerperal fever

Answer 24

Ignaz Semmelweis (1840s)

Question 25

used ANTISEPTICS to prevent surgical wound infections

Answer 25

Joseph Lister 1860s

Question 26

Lister performed surgery under aseptic conditions using -

Answer 26

phenol

Question 27

established experimental steps directly linking a specific microbe to a specific disease

Answer 27

Robert Koch

Question 28

important diseases established by koch

Answer 28

Vibrio choleriae Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus anthracis

Question 29

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 29

1. Microorganism must be found in diseased but not in healthy individuals 2. Microorganism must be cultured from the disease 3. Inoculation of healthy individual w the a cultured microorganism must recapitulate the disease 4. Microorganism must be isolated from the inoculated

Question 30

founder of vaccinology

Answer 30

edward jenner 1796

Question 31

first smallpox wax was developed

Answer 31

1798

Question 32

smallpox global eradication

Answer 32

1979

Question 33

powerful chemicals to kill growing cells in body

Answer 33

chemotherapy

Question 34

treatment for malaria

Answer 34

quinine

Question 35

Ehrlich develioed an arsenic compound known as

Answer 35

Salvarsan or 606

Question 36

imaginative thinker who first fired the first shot in chemotherapy revolution

Answer 36

Paul Ehrlich

Question 37

discovered penicillin (1st antibiotic)

Answer 37

Alexander Fleming 1928

Question 38

old name if penicillin

Answer 38

Penicillium notatum

Question 39

new name of penicillin

Answer 39

Penicillium chrysogenum

Question 40

in 1930s - were synthesized

Answer 40

Sulfonamides

Question 41

when was Penicillin tested clinically and mass produced?

Answer 41

1940s

Question 42

introduced Recombinant DNA or Hybrid DNA

Answer 42

Paul Berg 1960s

Question 43

studies the mechanism by which the microorganism inherit traits in molecular biology

Answer 43

microbial genetics

Question 44

bacteria once classified as plants

Answer 44

flora, microflora

Question 45

harmless bacteria; may be beneficial; prevent growth of pathogens; produce growth factors

Answer 45

normal microbiota

Question 46

ability to ward off disease factors

Answer 46

resistance

Question 47

when a pathogen overcomes the hosts resistance, disease results

Answer 47

infectious diseases

Question 48

diseases that are new or changing and are increasing or have the potential to increase in incidence in the near future

Answer 48

emerging infectious diseases

Question 49

viral infection caused by SARS Cov

Answer 49

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Question 50

H1N1 influenza is also known as

Answer 50

swine flu

Question 51

occurs in birds worldwide

Answer 51

Avian Influenza (H5N1) or bird flu

Question 52

in 2013, - sickened 132 people in China

Answer 52

H7N9