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3J - BACTERIOLOGY LEC (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) > W1 - INTRO AND HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

W1 - INTRO AND HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

cause disease when the hosts defenses are compromised or when they grow in a part of the body that is not natural to them

A

opportunistic pathogens

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2
Q

year and name
- coined “cell”
- observed cork through a microscope

A

1665, Robert Hooke

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3
Q

first to observe live microorganisms (animalcules)

A

anton van leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

leeuwenhoke made detaile ddrawings of organisms he found in the -, -, -?

A

rain water, feces, material scraped from teeth

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5
Q

devised two-part naming system; father of taxonomy

A

carolus linnaeus

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6
Q

explain abiogenesis

A

living organisms arise from nonliving matter

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7
Q

explain biogenesis

A

origin of life is due to pre-existing life

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8
Q

developers of cell theory

A

rudolf virchow
theodor schwann
matthias jacob schleiden

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9
Q

proposed theory of biogenesis; observed that cell divide to produce more cells

A

rudolf virchow

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10
Q

cell theory (3)

A

all living things are COMPOSED OF CELL
all life functions of an organism OCCUR WITHIN A CELL
all cells come from PRE-EXISTING CELLS

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11
Q

people who proved biogenesis theory

A

louis pasteur
francesco redi
lazzaro spallanzani

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12
Q

performed test for spontaneous generation (proved that cells can only arsis from pre existing cells)

A

louis pasteur 1864

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13
Q

golden age of microbiology

A

1857-1914

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14
Q

microbes is responsible for

A

fermentation snd spoilage of food

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15
Q

chemical break down of substance by bacteria, yeast and other org. - involving effervescent in the giving of heat

A

fermentation

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16
Q

produced when bacteria ferments ETHANOL in WINE

A

vinegar (HAc)

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17
Q

process if heating the object - make it safe ex milk

A

pasteurization

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18
Q

based on the concept that many diseases are caused by infections w microorganisms

A

germ theory of disease

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19
Q

laid the notion that diseases could be spread by seed-like entities and were categorized based on how they could be transmitted

A

Girolamo Fracastoro (1550s)

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20
Q

demonstrated that the disease AFFLICTING SILKWORMS was caused by a parasitic fungus

A

Agostino Bassi (1835)

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21
Q

theorized that disease in humans and animals was also caused by microorganisms

A

Agostino Bassi (1835)

22
Q

demonstrated that life did not arrive spontaneously from non living matter

A

Louis Paster 1865

23
Q

discovered silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan

A

Louis Pasteur 1865

24
Q

advocated HANDWASHING to prevent the spread of puerperal fever

A

Ignaz Semmelweis (1840s)

25
Q

used ANTISEPTICS to prevent surgical wound infections

A

Joseph Lister 1860s

26
Q

Lister performed surgery under aseptic conditions using -

A

phenol

27
Q

established experimental steps directly linking a specific microbe to a specific disease

A

Robert Koch

28
Q

important diseases established by koch

A

Vibrio choleriae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacillus anthracis

29
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. Microorganism must be found in diseased but not in healthy individuals
  2. Microorganism must be cultured from the disease
  3. Inoculation of healthy individual w the a cultured microorganism must recapitulate the disease
  4. Microorganism must be isolated from the inoculated
30
Q

founder of vaccinology

A

edward jenner 1796

31
Q

first smallpox wax was developed

A

1798

32
Q

smallpox global eradication

A

1979

33
Q

powerful chemicals to kill growing cells in body

A

chemotherapy

34
Q

treatment for malaria

A

quinine

35
Q

Ehrlich develioed an arsenic compound known as

A

Salvarsan or 606

36
Q

imaginative thinker who first fired the first shot in chemotherapy revolution

A

Paul Ehrlich

37
Q

discovered penicillin (1st antibiotic)

A

Alexander Fleming 1928

38
Q

old name if penicillin

A

Penicillium notatum

39
Q

new name of penicillin

A

Penicillium chrysogenum

40
Q

in 1930s - were synthesized

A

Sulfonamides

41
Q

when was Penicillin tested clinically and mass produced?

A

1940s

42
Q

introduced Recombinant DNA or Hybrid DNA

A

Paul Berg 1960s

43
Q

studies the mechanism by which the microorganism inherit traits in molecular biology

A

microbial genetics

44
Q

bacteria once classified as plants

A

flora, microflora

45
Q

harmless bacteria; may be beneficial; prevent growth of pathogens; produce growth factors

A

normal microbiota

46
Q

ability to ward off disease factors

A

resistance

47
Q

when a pathogen overcomes the hosts resistance, disease results

A

infectious diseases

48
Q

diseases that are new or changing and are increasing or have the potential to increase in incidence in the near future

A

emerging infectious diseases

49
Q

viral infection caused by SARS Cov

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

50
Q

H1N1 influenza is also known as

A

swine flu

51
Q

occurs in birds worldwide

A

Avian Influenza (H5N1) or bird flu

52
Q

in 2013, - sickened 132 people in China

A

H7N9

3J - BACTERIOLOGY LEC (1ST SEM: PRELIMS) (4 decks)

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