W13LECT - Pharmacogenomics and nutrigenomics; Gene-environment interactions

Question 1

What is adverse effect?

Answer 1

A response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modifications of physiological function

Question 2

What are the 2 types of adverse effect?

Answer 2

1. Type A (Augmented)
2. Type B (Bizarre) - Idiosyncrasy

Question 3

What are the features of Type A (Augmented) adverse effect?

Answer 3

• Common
• Related to the pharmacology of the drug
• Predictable dose-dependent

Question 4

What are the features of Type B (Bizarre) - Idiosyncrasy adverse effect?

Answer 4

1. Uncommon
2. Not related to the pharmacology of the drug
3. Unpredictable
4. High mortality

Question 5

Traditional Medical Treatment
-> How is Individual response to Traditional Medical Treatment
?

Answer 5

 Variation in therapeutic response
 Different side effects, adverse reactions
Mainly (60- 80%) caused by genetic variation

Question 6

List factors influence the effective dose

Answer 6

 Genes
 Intrauterine environment
 Age
 Epigenetic factors
 Physical activity
 Disease
 Drug interaction
 Liver/Kidney function
 Intestinal flora
 Cyrcadian rhythm etc. …
=> The therapy is optimal when all are considered

Question 7

How do we reach precision medicine?

Answer 7

1. One-size fits-all medicine
2. Stratified medicine
3. Precision medicin

Question 8

What is Pharmacogenetics?

Answer 8

• How genetic differences affect the response to drugs (pharmacogenetics).
• The science of pharmacogenetics deals with the inherited variability of drug effects.

Question 9

What is Pharmacogenomics?

Answer 9

Pharmacogenomics is the systematic study of the entire gene pool and the interactions between products encoded by genes and drugs.

Question 10

Pharmacogenomics could cause changes in 3 things.
=> What are they?

Answer 10

1. Pharmacokinetics: the action of the body to the bioavailability of drugs over a period of time
2. Pharmacodynamics: effects of the drug to the body
3. Idiosyncrasy: not expected side effects

Question 11

Make a schematic diagram to demonstrate how genetic variation affect drug effect

Answer 11

Question 12

Make graphs demonstrate the relationship between Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Answer 12