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Nervous System - Anatomy (Year 2) > W1:S1 - External Features of the Brainstem and Diencephalon > Flashcards

W1:S1 - External Features of the Brainstem and Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

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2
Q

Which cranial cavity does the brainstem lie in?

A

Posterior

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3
Q

Which two embryological vesicles give rise to the brainstem?

A

Mesencephalon

Rhomboencephalon

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4
Q

What parts of the ventricular system lie inside the brainstem?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

4th ventricle

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

What nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

A

Abducens

Facial

Vestibulocochlear

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7
Q

Which pontomedullary nerve has the longest course?

A

Abducens

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8
Q

What condition does the long course of this nerve make it susceptible to?

A

Raised ICP

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9
Q

What is the consequence of abducens being injured?

A

Double vision when trying to focus on something in the midline OR if bilateral an inability to look midline (medial rectus paralysed)

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What are the pyramids formed by?

A

Motor fibres of the corticospinal tracts

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12
Q

What is the function of the superior olivary body?

A

An important component of the auditory pathways

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13
Q

What is the function of the inferior olivary bodies?

A

Coordinate signals from spinal cord to cerebellum about proprioreception

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14
Q

What structure does the open part of the medulla open into?

A

4th ventricle

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15
Q

What cranial nerve leaves the pons?

A

Trigeminal

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17
Q

What fibres are the cerebellar peduncles made of?

A

Centripetal fibres (incoming fibres)

18
Q

What part of the brain lies immediately superior to the midbrain?

20
Q

What is the function of the superior colliculus?

A

Recieves visual stimulus from the retina and reacts with head and eye movements to environmental stimuli

  • Like how your eyes follow the ball during a conversion
21
Q

What is the function of the inferior colliculi

A

Processing auditory stimuli

22
Q

What is the diencephalon made up of?

A

Structures either side of the 3rd ventricle

  • The thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Epithalamus
  • Subthalamus
23
Q

Which two parts of the brain does the diencephalon lie in between?

A

Cerebrum

Midbrain

24
Q

What is shown here?

A

Mamillary bodies

25
Q

What is the function of the mammillary bodies?

A

Part of the limbic system important in recollective memories

26
Q

What is shown here?

A

Pineal gland (or epithalamus)

27
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

Produces melatonin

  • Regulates sleep and circadian rhythmicity

Nervous System - Anatomy (Year 2) (12 decks)

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