W1 overview of the NS Flashcards
Overview of Nervous system:
- Central (CNS)
- Peripheral (PNS)
- Somatic nervous system innervates the skeletal musculature
- Autonomic nervous system (ANS) supplies the internal organs and other visceral structures and operates at an automatic (mainly unconscious) level. ANS also:
- Sympathetic nervous system: “Fight or flight”
- Parasympathetic nervous system: “resting and digesting”
Cerebrum: Directional terms
top- dorsal
bottom- ventral
front- rostral
back- caudal
Limbic lobe & Insula
both= emotional reg
Primary motor cortex location. 4
sits just before the pre central gyrus. frontal lobe
Primary somatosensory cortex location
post central gyrius in priatal lobe
- Primary auditory cortex location
temporal lobd
- Primary visual cortex location
occupational lobe
boroca is located. 44 45
frontal lobe resp w speech production
wernickes area 22
parietal lobe, speech comprehension
Projection fibres ( white matter)
- Sensory (ascending) or motor (descending) fibres within the cerebrum
- These fibres connect the brain with the brainstem and spinal cord
- Internal capsule
Commissural fibres white matter
Connects corresponding regions of the two hemispheres
* Corpus callosum
* Anterior commissure
* Posterior commisure
Association fibres white matter
- Connects areas within one hemisphere
- Short association fibers (connect adjacent gyri)
- Cingulum (connects frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe cortices)
- Uncinate fasciculus (connects frontal and temporal lobe cortices)
- Superior longitudinal fasciculus (connects cortices of all lobes)
- Inferior longitudinal fasciculus (connects temporal and occipital lobes)
DIENCEPHALON components
Thalamus
* Epithalamus
* Hypothalamus
* Subthalamus
Thalamus
- Bilateral structure
- Surrounding the third ventricle
- Medial to internal capsule
- Relay center
- Highly interconnected with various structures in the CNS
- Integrates information from the cerebellum and the basal ganglia
- Sensory tracts
Epithalamus
Major structure is the pineal
gland (endocrine gland)
* Regulates circadian rhythms
Hypothalamus
- Homeostasis: Body temperature, metabolic rate, blood pressure, water intake
and excretion, and digestion - Reproductive, and defensive behaviors
- Emotional expression of pleasure, rage, fear, and aversion
- Endocrine regulation of growth, metabolism, and reproductive organs
Subthalamus
Ventral to thalamus
modulating movement with the other basal ganglia components
* Subthalamic nuclei apart of the basal ganglia
Hippocampus
Memory formation and spatial navigation
Amygdala
Emotional responses
* Particularly anxiety, fear or rage
* Learning
