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S8- Wellness and Prevention > W1- Motivational Interviewing and Theoretical Models > Flashcards

W1- Motivational Interviewing and Theoretical Models Flashcards

1
Q

Knowledge is not enough to produce behavior change, PEOPLE CHANGE WHEN…

  • THEY ___________.
  • THEY ___________.
  • THEY ___________.
  • THEY ___________.
A
  • THEY have a perceived need to change.
  • THEY are ready to change.
  • THEY have the knowledge, skills, and tools to change.
  • THEY have a supportive environment.
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2
Q

What are (2) common theoretical models?

A
  • Health Beliefs Model (HBM)

- Transtheoretical/Stages of Change Model

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3
Q

What are the (6) components of the Health Belief Model (HBM)?

A
  1. ) Perceived Susceptibility
  2. ) Perceived Severity
  3. ) Perceived Benefits
  4. ) Perceived Barriers
  5. ) Cues to Action
  6. ) Self-Efficacy
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4
Q

What is Perceived Susceptibility?

A

One’s belief of the chances of getting a condition.

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5
Q

What is Perceived Severity?

A

One’s belief of how serious a condition and its consequences are.

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6
Q

What is Perceived Benefits?

A

One’s belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact.

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7
Q

What is Perceived Barriers?

A

One’s belief in the tangible and psychological costs of the advised behavior.

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8
Q

What is Cues to Action?

A

Strategies to activate “readiness”.

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9
Q

What is Self-Efficacy?

A

Confidence in one’s ability to take action.

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10
Q

Which HBM concept is each of the following:

  1. ) Strategies to activate “readiness”.
  2. ) One’s belief in the tangible and psychological costs of the advised behavior.
  3. ) One’s belief of the chances of getting a condition.
  4. ) One’s belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact.
  5. ) Confidence in one’s ability to take action.
  6. ) One’s belief of how serious a condition and its consequences are.
A
  1. ) Cues to Action
  2. ) Perceived Barriers
  3. ) Perceived Susceptibility
  4. ) Perceived Benefits
  5. ) Self-Efficacy
  6. ) Perceived Severity
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11
Q

HBM is the strongest predictor for what (2) behaviors?

A
  • Preventative Health Behaviors

- “Sick-Role” Behaviors

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12
Q

What are some challenges to the Health Belief Model (HBM)? (3)

A
  • Careful not to “blame the victim”.
  • Be aware that HBM uses “appropriate fear-based messages” in order to facilitate perceived susceptibility and severity.
  • HBM best used for a relatively short intervention to achieve a specific change. LESS EFFECTIVE in achieving long-term change.
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13
Q

When trying to influence an individual or group to make a health change through the HBM 6 concepts, what should we do?

A

Go through the 6 concepts to see if there is an area or areas that need to be addressed to influence a health change.

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14
Q

What are the (2) dimensions of the Transtheoretical/Stages of Change Model?

A
  1. ) Stages of Change

2. ) Process of Change

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15
Q

What are the (6) Stages of Change?

A
  1. ) Precontemplation
  2. ) Contemplation
  3. ) Preparation
  4. ) Action
  5. ) Maintenance
  6. ) Termination
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16
Q

What is Precontemplation?

A

Person is not serious about and are not considering change.

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17
Q

What is Contemplation?

A

Person seriously considering change.

18
Q

What is Preparation?

A

Person intends to take action in the next month.

19
Q

What is Action?

A

Stage in which people have made modifications in their lifestyles within the past 6 months.

20
Q

What is Maintenance?

A

Stage in which people make modifications in their lifestyle to prevent relapse.

21
Q

What is Termination?

A

Behavior change is complete.

22
Q

Which Stage of Change is each of the following:

  1. ) Stage in which people make modifications in their lifestyle to prevent relapse.
  2. ) Person intends to take action in the next month.
  3. ) Behavior change is complete.
  4. ) Person is not serious about and are not considering change.
  5. ) Stage in which people have made modifications in their lifestyles within the past 6 months.
  6. ) Person seriously considering change.
A
  1. ) Maintenance
  2. ) Preparation
  3. ) Termination
  4. ) Precontemplation
  5. ) Action
  6. ) Contemplation
23
Q

What are the (10) Process of Change? What Stage of Change are each in?

A
  1. ) Consciousness-raising (Precontemplation)
  2. ) Dramatic Relief (Precontemplation)
  3. ) Environmental Re-Evaluation (Precontemplation)
  4. ) Self Re-Evaluation (Precontemplation, Contemplation)
  5. ) Self Liberation (Preparation)
  6. ) Societal Liberation (All Stages)
  7. ) Counter-Conditioning (Action, Maintenance)
  8. ) Stimulus Control (Action/Maintenance)
  9. ) Contingency Management (Action, Maintenance)
  10. ) Helping Relationships (Action, Maintenance)
24
Q

Which Process of Change is each of the following:

  1. ) Assessing how one’s problems affects the physical environment.
  2. ) Increasing the rewards of positive behavioral change and decreasing the rewards for unhealthy behaviors.
  3. ) Realizing that the behavioral change is part of one’s identity.
  4. ) Substituting healthier alternatives for problem behaviors.
  5. ) Finding and learning new facts and suggestions which support change.
  6. ) Choosing and committing to act on a belief that change is possible, accepting responsibility for change.
  7. ) Societal support of healthier behaviors.
  8. ) Experiencing and expressing negative feelings about one’s problem.
  9. ) Avoiding triggers and cues.
  10. ) Seeking and using a strong support system of family, friends, co-workers.
A
  1. ) Environmental Re-Evaluation
  2. ) Contingency Management
  3. ) Self Re-Evaluation
  4. ) Counter-Conditioning
  5. ) Consciousness-Raising
  6. ) Self Liberation
  7. ) Societal Liberation
  8. ) Dramatic Relief
  9. ) Stimulus Control
  10. ) Helping Relationships
25
Q

PART 2: MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING

A

PART 2: MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING

26
Q

What are the goals with motivational interviewing?

A 
Work through (with) ambivalence to facilitate change.
-Ambivalence to change is normal.
27
Q

What are the tasks of motivational interviewing? (4)

A
  • Engage- having, sometimes sensitive, conversations with patients
  • Focus- focusing on what is important to the patient regarding their behavior and health
  • Evoke- help determine the patient’s personal motivation for change
  • Negotiate- discuss and negotiate plans for change
28
Q

What are (4) components of motivational interviewing to keep in mind?

A
  • Collaboration (therapeutic alliance)
  • Evocation (not just education)
  • Autonomy (not authority)
  • Compassion
29
Q

What are the (4) principles of motivational interviewing?

A
  • Express empathy
  • Develop discrepancy
  • Roll with resistance
  • Support self-efficacy
30
Q

What is empathy?

A
  • Ability to understand and share the feelings of others…not the same as sympathy.
  • Assumes person’s perspectives are understandable and valid.
  • Seeks to understand the person’s feelings and perspectives without judgement.
31
Q

What is discrepancy?

A

Current behavior versus future goals.

-Point out where they do not match.

32
Q

What is rolling with resistance?

A

“Resistance” is just the other side of ambivalence.

Don’t argue against it, pushing against resistance entrenches it.

33
Q

What are some effective responses that tend to defuse resistance and refocus on change? (3)

A
  • Reflection: simply acknowledge it by reflecting it back.
  • Double-sided reflection: on the one hand…and on the other…
  • Emphasize person’s ability to choose, control, autonomy.
34
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

Level of confidence individuals have in their ability to perform certain behavior.

35
Q

What are some strategies for developing self-efficacy? (4)

A
  • Mastery experiences/performance accomplishments
  • Modeling/vicarious experiences
  • Social persuasion/credible source
  • Internal feedback (psychological and physiological)
36
Q

What is OARS?

A

4 strategies of motivational interviewing.

  • Open-ended questions
  • Affirmation
  • Reflections
  • Summaries
37
Q

What are the (3) levels of reflective listening?

A
  1. ) Repeat or rephrase
  2. ) Paraphrase/rephrase
  3. ) Reflect the feelings
38
Q
  • What is change talk?

- What is a good way to remember it?

A
  • Change talk is client talk that leans in the direction of change.
  • DARN-CAT
39
Q

Explain DARN-CAT.

A

PREPATORY CHANGE TALK
-Desire = Statements about preference to change.
-Ability = Statements about capability.
-Reasons = Specific arguments for change.
Need = Statement about feeling obligated to change.

MOBILIZING CHANGE TALK

  • Commitment = Statements about likelihood of change.
  • Statements that indicate movement toward action.
  • Taking Steps = Statements about actions taken.
40
Q

What should we do when we hear change talk?

A

ACT ON IT

41
Q

When giving advice, a person is more likely to hear and heed your advice if you have ___________.

A

permission

S8- Wellness and Prevention (6 decks)

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