W1 Male GU Anatomy And Physiology and GU Exam (Joey)

Question 1

Review the male GU organ

Seminal vesicles produce ______

Cowper’s gland, helps to produce ________ and lubricate ________, before ________,. Also to ________, acidic urine.

Answer 1

Seminal vesicles produce alkaline fluid

Cowper’s gland, helps to produce alkaline fluid and lubricate urethra, before ejaculation.
Also to neutralise acidic urine.

Question 2

Review the penis anatomy
Which side has more sensation?
Where does the dorsal nerve run?
Which is erectile tissue?
Which is neurological tissue?

Answer 2

Dorsal side has less sensation that the ventral side.

Dorsal nerve (S2-S4) runs down dorsal side but it’s tributaries run ventrally.

Cavernous nerves: innvervate muscles and arteries that promote erection

Question 3

A&P of scrotum
What drains the scrotum and testes and regulates temp?
Where is sperm stored and does majority of maturation?

Answer 3

Spermatic cord holds it all together.

Pampiniform plexus of testicular veins — mesh like veins, purpose is to drain the scrotum and testicle, but also helps w/ temperature regulation and pulling fluid away from structure

Epididymis — sperm storage and maturation

Question 4

A&P prostate

—prostate gland produces ______ that becomes large part of ejaculate
—seminal vesicles also produce ______
—ejaculatory ducts are in the ______ aspect of the prostate where sperm cells and fluid mix
—______glands, aka ______glands produce only ______%, it is also very ______

Answer 4

—prostate gland produces alk fluid that becomes large part of ejaculate
—seminal vesicles also produce alk fluid
—ejaculatory ducts are in the posterior aspect of the prostate where sperm cells and fluid mix
—bulbourethral glands, aka cowper’s glands produce only 5% of the seminal fluid, very alkaline

Question 5

Male tanner staging
What is the mneumonic for scrotal layers?

Answer 5

Some Damn Englishmen Called It The Testes
Skin
Dartos fascia and muscle
External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea

Question 6

❗️[must know]
HPG axis, spermatogenesis and testosterone production GnRH release from the _______
LH and FSH released from the _______
LH target cells: _______ in the _______ which produce _______
Free T converted to _______ which acts as a negative feedback loop on the _______ to decrease gonadotropin release
FYI _______ of testosterone is also produces in the _______
FSH target cells are: _______ which promote _______. These cells also produce _______ which acts as a negative feedback loop

Answer 6

● Pulsatile release of GnRH -from hypothalamus → pulsatile
release of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary.
○ LH moves through systemic circulation to its target
cells, the Leydig Cells of the testicle → testosterone production
■ Negative feedback loop is primarily via peripheral conversion of Free T to E2 by the enzyme “aromatase” → E2 acts centrally at both the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary to decrease gonadotropin release.
■ Up to 10% of testosterone also may be produced by the adrenal glands
○ FSH moves through systemic circulation to its target cells, the Sertoli Cells of the testicle to promote spermatogenesis (later)
■ Sertoli cells also produce inhibin, which then going back up to hypothalamus and anterior pituitary as negative feedback mechanism