W1

Question 1

HRM

Answer 1

Process and practice of managing and advising management on the recruitment, selection, retention and development of staff in an increasingly complex legal and social environment

Question 2

Aim of HRM

Answer 2

Achieving the organization’s objectives made by the managers or consultants

Question 3

HRM is responsible for

Answer 3

Types of human capital, behavior of human capital, and organizational performance

Question 4

Types of human capital

Answer 4

Training, experience, judgement, intelligence, relationship insight

Question 5

Behavior of human capital

Answer 5

Motivation and effort

Question 6

Organizational performance

Answer 6

Quality, profitability, customer satisfaction

Question 7

Strategic HRM (SHRM)

Answer 7

People strategy, creating a coherent framework for employees to be hired, managed, ad developed to support an organization’s long-term goals

Question 8

SHRM steps

Answer 8

1. Analysis and design of work
2. HR planning
3. Recruiting
4. Selection
5. Training and development
6. Compensation
7. Performance management
8. Employee relations

Question 9

Why use HRM?

Answer 9

With good policies leads o more satisfied employees and customers, organizations ted to be more innovative, have greater productivity and better reputation

Question 10

Cultural dimensions

Answer 10

Individualism vs collectivism
Power distance index
Uncertainty avoidance
Masculinity vs. Femininity

Question 11

Individualism vs. Collectivism

Answer 11

The extent to which people feel independent, opposed to interdependent as members of larger wholes
Collectivist: dependent on others

Question 11

Power distance index

Answer 11

The extent to which the less powerful member of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed equally
Small=more equal, big=inequality

Question 12

Uncertainty avoidance

Answer 12

A society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity
Weak/tolerant: uncertainty is normal
Strong/avoidant: uncertainty is a threat

Question 13

Masculinity vs. Femininity

Answer 13

The extent to which the use of force is endorsed socially
Masculine: men are tough, women are soft
Femininity: genders are closer and more equal

Question 14

Individualist vs. Collectivism in organizations

Answer 14

Collectivism: more personal relationships and more informal recruitment wise, hire within company
Individualism: highlights individual skills and recruiting outside the org.

Question 15

Power distance in organizations

Answer 15

Low: relies on multiple sources of raters such as employees and supervisors, higher worker compensation
High: linked to high CEO pay, not relied on raters

Question 15

Loose vs tight societal norms theory

Answer 15

Developed in regard to dynamic influences on thoughts and behaviors, to see if there were critical differences between people’s daily decisions as well as interpersonal exchanges

Question 16

Tight societal norms

Answer 16

Tight: countries have more autocratic gov.s, citizens promote self-control, cling to stability and monitor social media
Ex. China, Japan

Question 17

Loose societal norms

Answer 17

Countries are more open to change, promote free speech, have more creativity, more immigrants and tolerant of diversity
Ex. Australia, NL, Spain, USA

Question 18

Multinational company design and implementation

Answer 18

Best: spread learning, consistent, efficient, and fair
Of all management topics, HRM is more subject to local influences

Question 19

Multinational company design implementation challenges

Answer 19

Find balance between global co-ordination and local responsiveness

Question 20

Global co-ordination challenges

Answer 20

Country of origin effect; consumer’s images of the quality of specific products or ideas marketed by firms associated with a country
Dominance effect: a situation where there is a powerful multinational corporation whose employment practices provide a standard or model for other enterprises operating in the same industry

Question 21

Local responsiveness challenges

Answer 21

How companies serve a specific market need, how much to change in each market
Host-country effect: the change that a company has to adopt in terms of practices, legal bindings, business policies etc. when it sets up in a country

Question 22

Internationalization strategy

Answer 22

2 axes: local responsiveness and global integration
From low to high
Global strategy, transitional strategy, international strategy, multidomestic strategy

Question 23

International strategy

Answer 23

Low, low: Focuses on 1 point of operation while exporting products and services around the world, is an extension of domestic strategy
Usually how companies start in a new country, build a standardized but immediately recognizable brand, lower costs, simplify portfolio based on what performs globally

Question 24

Multidomestic strategy

Answer 24

Low, high: Focused on idea of “local first”, highly specialized localized product that directly matches customer tastes and preferences with employees on the ground who understand cultural nuances

Question 25

Global strategy

Answer 25

High, low: focuses on standardization as much as possible, including colors, messaging, products and operations so that they can build repeatable, stable processes no matter which foreign market they operate in

Question 26

Transnational strategy

Answer 26

High, high: Best of both worlds, splits the difference in terms of local responsiveness and global integration, operate with a central office in one country and employ local subsidiaries in international markets