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Weather Master > W03 Sky Condition > Flashcards

W03 Sky Condition Flashcards

1
Q

Summations

A

-Sum of layer values at and below a given level-Traces disregarded (TR adds like a zero)-Overlapping portions will increase summation amount

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2
Q

SKC

A

Sky clearNo cloud of layer present

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3
Q

FEW

A

FewLess than 1/8 to 2/8 Summation amount

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4
Q

SCT

A

Scattered3/8 to 4/8 summation amount

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5
Q

BKN

A

Broken5/8 to less than 8/8 summation amount

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6
Q

OVC

A

Overcast8/8 summation amount

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7
Q

Interconnected layers

A

Clouds of vertical development that may build up to reach or penetrate upperlayers.

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8
Q

How to estimate sky coverage

A

-Divide the sky in half-Estimate amount in each half(each half now contains 4/8)-Select the halves to suit prevailing conditions(Most of the clouds north, divide north and south)

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9
Q

How to estimate sky coverage during darkness

A

-Stars plainly visible (no clouds or surface based layer) means clear sky-Dimming of stars means cloud present-Use appropriate tools (ceiling projector beam, ceilometer)-City or other lights can be very useful

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10
Q

Predominant Cloud Type

A

2 or more types at same height = 1 layer-identified as predominant type by amount-TCU or CB always predominant type (regardless of amount)-TCU and CB Always included in column 30 (SCT020CB)-TCU and CB at same height, TCU treated as if it were CB

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11
Q

Low Etage priority (Degree of Vertical development)

A

CB, TCU, CU(Highest to lowest)

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12
Q

Middle Etage priority (Degree of Vertical development)

A

ACC

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13
Q

High Etage priority (Degree of Vertical development)

A

CC (Considered a layer cloud)

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14
Q

Column 26

A

Total amount-Less than 8 octas if any clear blue skies or bright stars-Traces entered as 0

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15
Q

Column 30

A

Sky Condition-SKC, FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC-Layer altitude next to amount (expect for SKC) ex. FEW008

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16
Q

Column 40

A

Cloud and/or Obscuring Phenomena (type and amount)-Clear sky (SKC) = no entry-appropriate cloud abbreviation and amount for each layer ex, SC5CI3-Trace is 1 ex. SF1CF1

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17
Q

Obscured

A

A surface-based layer with a summation amount of 8/8 (constitutes a vertical visibility VV)

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18
Q

Partially Obscured

A

A surface-based layer with a summation amount of at least 1/8 but less than 8/8 will be included in the amount of the first layer aloft.

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19
Q

RA

A

Rain (any form including SHRA & FZRA)

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20
Q

SHGR

A

Hail

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21
Q

PL

A

Ice Pellets (including Ice Pellet Showers)

22
Q

DZ

A

Drizzle (Including Freezing Drizzle)

23
Q

IC

A

Ice Crystals

24
Q

SN

A

Snow (Snow Showers, Snow Pellets and Snow Grains)

25
Q

BLSN

A

Blowing Snow

26
Q

FG

A

Fog (any form)

27
Q

BLDU

A

Dust, Blowing Dust

28
Q

DS

A

Duststorm

29
Q

HZ

A

Haze

30
Q

BLSA

A

Sand, Blowing Sand

31
Q

SS

A

Sandstorm

32
Q

FU

A

Smoke

33
Q

VA

A

Volcanic Ash

34
Q

If you can see through a surface-based layer

A

It is the lowest layer

35
Q

If you Can’t see through a surface-based layer

A

Its the highest layer

36
Q

Vertical Visibility

A

The distance an observer on the ground can see vertically into a surface-based layer

37
Q

Rounding-off procedures for cloud height

A

-To nearest 100 feet (up to 10000 feet) -249 feet rounds to 200 feet -251 feet rounds to 300 feet-To nearest 1000 feet (starting at 10000 feet) -10501 feet rounds to 11000 feet -10499 feet rounds to 10000 feet-Exactly in between, choose the lower value -250 feet rounds to 200 feet

38
Q

Height of layers shall be determined to:

A

The nearest 100ft

39
Q

Reportable values for cloud heights and VV

A

-Up to 10000 feet - 0 100 200 …. 9800 9900 10000-Above 10000 feet - 10000 11000 12000 …. 39000 40000-If observed is exactly half-way between reportable values, choose lower value.

40
Q

Factors to consider when estimating cloud height

A

-Apparent size of the elements-Height of one layer relative to another-Known heights of hills, towers, etc.-Difference between temperature/dew point-Balloon enters side/break in cloud-Strong winds with the VV-Reflection of city lights

41
Q

Techniques for estimating layer heights

A

-Penetration: note visibility into the cloud-Variable: note average height over a short time-CU type: (Temperature - dew point) X 4= reportable value (lower limit) - doesn’t apply near mountains, or if T

42
Q

Entries on Form 2322 for increments of 100 feet

A

Three digits-300 feet coded as 003-9400 feet coded as 094-11000 feet coded as 110

43
Q

Ceiling Definition

A

The ceiling is the lesser of:a) the height above ground of the base of the lowest layer aloft at which the summation amount exceeds half of the sky (more than 4/8)b) the vertical visibility into a surface-based layer which completely obscures the sky

44
Q

Variable Ceiling Definition

A

When the ceiling is 3000ft or less and observed to be “variable”, i.e.., rising and falling from a mean value by 1/4 or more of the mean value, the range of variation shall be indication in remarks.

45
Q

Ceiling Determination

A

Layer aloft-Measured-Aircraft-Balloon-EstimatedAcronym M-A-Y-B-E

46
Q

Balloon Ceiling

A

Height determined by a ceiling balloonBased on rate of ascent (460 ft/min)

47
Q

When to use a ceiling balloon

A

If no ceilometer available, use balloon when ceiling ≤ 1000 feet

48
Q

Height the balloon starts to fade

A

Base of cloud

49
Q

Height balloon disappears

A

-Vertical Visibility (VV) for a surface-based layer-Penetration for a layer aloft

50
Q

Cautions when using a balloon

A

-Rain (unless very light) and wet snow, indicated height too low-Strong wind/poor visibility, indicated height too low-Break in layer, indicated height too high

51
Q

Name the 4 main parts to a balloon filler assembly

A

-Cylinder valve-Regulator valve-Needle valve-Rubber tubing

52
Q

When to use a ceiling projector

A

-If no ceilometer, use projector at night/just before daylight

Weather Master (10 decks)

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