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MD3001 > W01L03 Body Cavities and Serous Membranes > Flashcards

W01L03 Body Cavities and Serous Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Breast arterial supply

A

Axillary and internal thoracic arteries

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2
Q

Breast lymph drainage

A

Axillary and internal thoracic nodes

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3
Q

Breast lymph drainage levels

A

Pectoral to central to apical

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4
Q

Thoracic wall primary and secondary functions

A

Primary - respiratory movements

Secondary - protects major organs

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5
Q

Structures that pass between the thorax and the upper limb (anterior to posterior)

A

Subclavian vein (scalenus anterior)
(Scalene tubercle separates the subclavian vein and artery)
Subclavian artery
Inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

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6
Q

Aetiology of 45 year old man presented after a cross country ski holiday with a pulsatile right supraclavicular mass of 3-4 months duration. During a strenuous day of skiing, his right arm had become cold and numb with loss of power and pallor.

A

The aetiology is dysplastic first rib causing chronic trauma to the subclavian artery resulting in dissection and aneurysm. Acute trauma during active cross country skiing then caused embolisation to the forearm.

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7
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

On both sides of the trachea

A branch of the vagus nerves

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8
Q

Vagus nerves

A 
Cranial nerve 10
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart
Lowers the heart rate
Right vagus controls SA nodes
Left vagus controls AV nodes
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9
Q

Rib elevation (pump handle)

A

Pushes the sternum up and forward to increase thoracic anterio-posterior diameter for inhalation

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10
Q

Rib eversion (bucket handle)

A

Elevation of later shaft of ribs to increase the lateral diameter of the lungs

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11
Q

Chest drain location

A

Done at upper edge of ribs due to neurovascular bundle at lower edge

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12
Q

What makes up the thoracic inlet?

A

T1
1st ribs + costal cartilages (hyaline)
Manubrium

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13
Q

Lung landmarks

A

Apex of lung extends to the level of T1 and neck of 1st rib (2-3 cm above ant. part of the 1st rib and clavicle)
Base of lung to rib 8 anteriorly, rib 10 posteriorly

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14
Q

Structures that passes between the thorax and the neck?

A

Vessels that supply and drain the head and neck
Trachea
Oesophagus
Right and left vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves
Right and left phrenic nerves

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15
Q

What makes up the thoracic outlet?

A 
T12
11th + 12th ribs
Costal cartilage of 7-10
Xiphoid cartilage
(Inverted upside down J shape)
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16
Q

Openings of the diaphragm

A

T8 caval opening
T10 oesophageal opening
T12 aortic hiatus (posterior)

17
Q

T8 caval opening

A

Inferior vena cava

Right phrenic nerve

18
Q

T10 oesophageal opening

A

Oesophagus
Left and right vagal trunks
Left gastric vessels

19
Q

T12 aortic hiatus (posterior)

A

Aorta
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct

20
Q

Thorax is lined by…

A

Lungs and chest wall lined by pleura

Heart surrounded by pericadium

21
Q

Abdomen and pelvis lined by…

A

Lined by the peritoneum

Allows movement, expansion, contraction of organs

22
Q

Typical pneumothorax on x-ray

A

Lung markings stop and lungs only fill about half of the thoracic cage

23
Q

Superior mediastinum lies?

A

Lies between the inlet and the plane between the sternal angle and T4/5

24
Q

Inferior mediastinum lies?

A

Lies inferior to the plane between the sternal angle and T4/5 and the thoracic outlet

25
Q

Sternal Angle

A

2nd costal cartilage

T4/5

26
Q

Contents of the superior mediastinum

A 
Aorta (arch asc and desc)
Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
Superior vena cava
Vagus nerves
Phrenic nerves
Trachea and oesophagus
27
Q

3 subdivisions of the inferior mediastinum

A

Anterior mediastinum
Middle mediastinum
Posterior mediastinum
(Refer to notes for images)

28
Q

Contents of the anterior mediastinum

A

Thymus

29
Q

Contents of the middle mediastinum

A

Contents of the pericardium (i.e. heart and great vessels)

30
Q

Contents of the posterior mediastinum

A

Aorta
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct
Azygos veins

31
Q

Thymus

A

Lies in the superior and anterior mediastinum
Active in children
Involved in immunological, programming T-lymphocytes
Atrophies with age - fatty remnant

MD3001 (13 decks)

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