Vulval Cancer Flashcards
What is the aetiology of vulval cancer?
- Can be HPV or non-HPV related
Describe the epidemiology of vulval cancer (age group)?
- 75% diagnosed over 60
What are risk factors for vulval cancer?
- Intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer at other lower genital tract site
- Lichen scleroses
- Smoking
- Immunosuppression
Describe the pathophysiology of vulval cancer?
- Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)
- Abnormal proliferation of squamous epithelium which can progress to carcinoma
- 2 different types
- Usual type (aka classical/warty)
- Associated with HPV infection predominantly affecting young woman
- Low grade (VIN 1) or high grade (VIN 2 and 3)
- Differentiated type
- Not HPV related, older woman
- Always high grade
- Progresses to carcinoma, normally squamous carcinoma
- Malignant tumour of squamous cells
- Grade is mild, moderate or poor
- Uses FIGO staging
- Greater risk of lymph node involvement than cervix squamous carcinoma, usually inguinal lymph node
What does VIN stand for?
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
What does vulvar carcinoma start out as?
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)
What is a VIN?
- Abnormal proliferation of squamous epithelium which can progress to carcinoma
What are the 2 different types of VIN?
- Usual type (aka classical/warty)
- Associated with HPV infection predominantly affecting young woman
- Low grade (VIN 1) or high grade (VIN 2 and 3)
- Differentiated type
- Not HPV related, older woman
- Always high grade
Which type of VIN is associated with HPV?
-
Usual type (aka classical/warty)
- Associated with HPV infection predominantly affecting young woman
- Low grade (VIN 1) or high grade (VIN 2 and 3)
- Differentiated type
- Not HPV related, older woman
- Always high grade
Which type of VIN has a worse prognosis?
- Usual type (aka classical/warty)
- Associated with HPV infection predominantly affecting young woman
- Low grade (VIN 1) or high grade (VIN 2 and 3)
-
Differentiated type
- Not HPV related, older woman
- Always high grade
Which type of VIN affects older woman predominantly?
- Usual type (aka classical/warty)
- Associated with HPV infection predominantly affecting young woman
- Low grade (VIN 1) or high grade (VIN 2 and 3)
-
Differentiated type
- Not HPV related, older woman
- Always high grade
What kind of carcinoma is vulvar cancer normally?
- Progresses to carcinoma, normally squamous carcinoma
- Malignant tumour of squamous cells
How is vulvar cancer graded?
- Grade is mild, moderate or poor
- Uses FIGO staging
- Greater risk of lymph node involvement than cervix squamous carcinoma, usually inguinal lymph node
What staging system does vulvar cancer use?
FIGO staging
What is the presentation of vulvar cancer?
- Pain
- Itch
- Bleeding
- Lump/ulcer