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Reproductive System Brian > Infant Feeding > Flashcards

Infant Feeding Flashcards

1
Q

Is the prevalence of breast feeding increasing or decreasing?

A

Decreasing

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2
Q

What things are found in human milk that is not found in formula?

A
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3
Q

What is colostrum?

A

Colostrum = first form of milk produced by mammary glands immediately following delivery of new-born

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4
Q

What are some special features of colostrum compared to formula?

A
  • Protective factors
  • Concentrated nutrition
  • Strong anti-inflammatory factors
  • Stimulates gut growth
  • Laxative effect
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5
Q

Not breast feeding increases the risks of what in the baby?

A
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Respiratory infections
  • Allergies
  • Obesity
  • Type 1 and 2 diabetes
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6
Q

Not breast feeding increases the risk of what in the mothers?

A
  • Breast cancer
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Hip fractures
  • Heart disease
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7
Q

What is a consequence of a baby being born by caesarean section in terms of the their microbiome?

A

Babies pick up their microbiome as they pass through the vagina at birth and through their mothers milk:

  • If baby is born by caesarean section they miss out on vaginal transfer of microbes, so prolonged skin to skin contact during breast feeding

Each breast feed updates baby’s immune system

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8
Q

What is epigenetics?

A

Epigenetics = study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involved alterations in the DNA sequence

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9
Q

Breastfeeding may result in epigenetic changes which impact?

A
  • Brain development
  • Baby’s immune system
  • Baby’s metabolic system
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10
Q

What legislation protects breastfeeding?

A

The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes provides legislation that protects breastfeeding

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11
Q

What are some things parents using formula milk should know?

A
  • 1st milks for first year – no need for follow on
  • All brands are similar
  • Information on preparing and sterilising
  • Cow’s milk from one year
  • Responsive bottle feeding
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12
Q

What are the stages of lactation?

A
  1. Lactogenesis 1
    1. Breast development and colostrum production from about 16 weeks gestation
  2. Lactogenesis 2
    1. Onset of copious milk secretion occurring between 32 and 96 hours after birth
  3. Lactogenesis 3
    1. Maintenance of milk production
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13
Q

How do levels of oestrogen, progesterone, prolactin and oxytocin change after birth?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone - decreases

Prolacting and oxytocin - increases

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14
Q

What do levels of prolactin and oxytocin increase in response to?

A

Touch, smell and sight of the baby

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15
Q

What does prolactin act on?

A

Lactocytes

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16
Q

What is prolactin and oxytocin responsible for?

What do they act on?

When are levels higher?

A
17
Q

Describe the feedback inhibition of lactation?

A
  • Circulating prolactin controls milk production
  • Volumes can be irregular causing full breasts and leaking at some points
  • As breasts become full either through ineffective milk removal or long spacing of feeds a whey protein in the milk called FIL slows down synthesis by signalling the cells to stop production
  • Down regulation also caused by pressure within full breast flattening the cells and the receptor sites, making it difficult for prolactin to attach to and enter the cell
18
Q

What are the effects of oxytocin?

A

Known as the love hormone, effects:

  • Works on our feelings and emotions
  • Lowers blood pressure and improves sleep
  • Reduces stress levels by ‘taking on cortisol’
  • Reduces pain sensitivity
  • Boosts our immune system
19
Q

What is the ‘baby friendly standard’ in regards to skin to skin contact?

A
  • All mothers have skin to skin contact with baby after birth, at least until after the first feed
  • Encourages to offer the first feed in skin contact when the baby shows signs of readiness to feed
  • If unable to have skin contact after birth, do so as soon as possible – whenever or wherever that may be
20
Q

Why is skin contact with the newborn important?

A
  • Triggers lactation and mothering hormones
  • Regulates temperature, heart rate and breathing in baby
  • Colonises baby with microbes from mother, father and environment
  • Stimulates feeding behaviour
  • Reduces stress hormones in mother and baby
21
Q

Describe the stages immediately after birth?

A
22
Q

How does seperation of the mother and baby impact the baby?

A

Causes stress

Reproductive System Brian (34 decks)

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