Infant Feeding Flashcards
Is the prevalence of breast feeding increasing or decreasing?
Decreasing
What things are found in human milk that is not found in formula?
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What is colostrum?
Colostrum = first form of milk produced by mammary glands immediately following delivery of new-born
What are some special features of colostrum compared to formula?
- Protective factors
- Concentrated nutrition
- Strong anti-inflammatory factors
- Stimulates gut growth
- Laxative effect
Not breast feeding increases the risks of what in the baby?
- Gastroenteritis
- Respiratory infections
- Allergies
- Obesity
- Type 1 and 2 diabetes
Not breast feeding increases the risk of what in the mothers?
- Breast cancer
- Ovarian cancer
- Hip fractures
- Heart disease
What is a consequence of a baby being born by caesarean section in terms of the their microbiome?
Babies pick up their microbiome as they pass through the vagina at birth and through their mothers milk:
- If baby is born by caesarean section they miss out on vaginal transfer of microbes, so prolonged skin to skin contact during breast feeding
Each breast feed updates baby’s immune system
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What is epigenetics?
Epigenetics = study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involved alterations in the DNA sequence
Breastfeeding may result in epigenetic changes which impact?
- Brain development
- Baby’s immune system
- Baby’s metabolic system
What legislation protects breastfeeding?
The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes provides legislation that protects breastfeeding
What are some things parents using formula milk should know?
- 1st milks for first year – no need for follow on
- All brands are similar
- Information on preparing and sterilising
- Cow’s milk from one year
- Responsive bottle feeding
What are the stages of lactation?
- Lactogenesis 1
- Breast development and colostrum production from about 16 weeks gestation
- Lactogenesis 2
- Onset of copious milk secretion occurring between 32 and 96 hours after birth
- Lactogenesis 3
- Maintenance of milk production
How do levels of oestrogen, progesterone, prolactin and oxytocin change after birth?
Oestrogen and progesterone - decreases
Prolacting and oxytocin - increases
What do levels of prolactin and oxytocin increase in response to?
Touch, smell and sight of the baby
What does prolactin act on?
Lactocytes