VPI Flashcards
Intense anal itching, especially at night
Small white worm in poo
Long term infestation
Sleep disturbance
Trigger:
Hand / mouth transmission
Touching dirty objects
THREADWORM
When to refer THREADWORM
Children <2 yrs old
Fever
Loss of appetite
Treatment of THREADWORM
Mebendazole
Ovex chewable tablets / suspension
Take 1 tablet and a second tablet after 2 weeks
Take 5ml, take another 5ml after 2 weeks
Family treatment
Advice for THREADWORM
Wash hands, scrub under nails
Keep fingernails short
Wash bedding
Do not share towels
Localised pruritic rash on feet
Dry cough
Diarrhoea, constipation, anorexia
Return from Africa, S America, SE Asia
No wear shoe, step on soil with worm eggs
THREADWORM (REFER)
Advice: wear shoes
Weight loss
Diarrhoea
Trigger:
Uncooked meat
TAPEWORM (refer)
Advice: avoid raw+ uncooked meat
Itchy, like something is in your hair
Difficulty sleeping
Often raised bumps on neck
Nothing to do with poor hygiene
HEAD LICE
Treatment of HEAD LICE
Malathion
Derbac M Liquid
Partially ovicidal and kill live lice
>6mths old
Head lice: apply to dry hair, cover all parts, leave the hair dry 12 hrs, rinse the hair with shampoo normal way, comb to remove dead lice. Repeat treatment 7 days later.
Advice for HEAD LICE
Common in young children
Do not use medicated lotions and sprays, may irritate scalp
No need stay off school
Cannot prevent
Dimeticone lotion and benzyl alcohol do not kill live eggs
Buy detection comb
Comb the whole head of hair from roots to ends
facial hair + armpit + chest + leg hair
black powder in underwear
tiny blood spots on underwear
itching
spread through sexual contact / fomites
PUBIC LICE
Treatment of PUBIC LICE
Malathion
Derbac M Liquid
Partially ovicidal and kill live lice
>6mths old
Pubic lice: Apply sufficient liquid to all hairy areas including beard/mustache. Avoid any areas above neck. Leave on for at least one hour, preferably overnight, wash off and repeat after 7 days to kill newly hatched lice
Treat household members & sexual partners
Itchy fingers, buttocks, breasts
Especially at night
Raised rash / spots
Can go back to work or school after first treatment
SCABIES
Treatment of SCABIES
Permethrin Cream
Lyclear
Safe for children 2 months and above
Apply dry cool skin, if warm bath taken, skin should be allowed to cool before apply cream, allow whole body to cool after apply cream
Wash whole body 8-12 hrs after treatment
Malathion
Apply sufficient liquid on entire skin
Do not wash for 24 hrs
If wash off, reapply
Repeat after 7 days
Do not use more than once a week, or more than 3 consecutive days
Treat family members
Treatment of SCABIES
Permethrin Cream
Lyclear
Safe for children 2 months and above
Apply dry cool skin, if warm bath taken, skin should be allowed to cool before apply cream, allow whole body to cool after apply cream
Wash whole body 8-12 hrs after treatment
Malathion
Apply sufficient liquid on entire skin
Do not wash for 24 hrs
If wash off, reapply
Repeat after 7 days
Do not use more than once a week, or more than 3 consecutive days
Treat family members
Advice for SCABIES
Disinfect clothes & towels
Stop babies sucking lotion from their hands by putting socks/mittens
Do not have sex until complete full course of treatment
Do not share bedding, clothing, towels
Advice for SCABIES
Disinfect clothes & towels
Stop babies sucking lotion from their hands by putting socks/mittens
Do not have sex until complete full course of treatment
Do not share bedding, clothing, towels
Appear in warm, sweaty places (top of legs, top of arms, buttocks)
Do not itch
Visual detection
TICKS
Treatment for TICKS
Remove with tweezers/tick card
Do not crush/squeeze the body
Do not leave head behind
Do not burn off
Advice for TICKS
Vacuuming, dusting, washing all beddings
Bites on face, neck, arms
Bites always occur in straight lines
Spots of blood on your bedding
Small brown spots on bedding/furniture
BED BUGS
Treatment of BED BUGS
Antihistamine for itchy (cetrizine)
Steroid cream from GP
Put cool clean cloth to help with itching
Do not scratch
Advice for BED BUGS
Wash bedding, clothing
Clean & vacuum regularly
Do not keep clutter around bed
Extremely itchy
Often around legs / feet
Bites in clusters
FLEAS
Treatment of FLEAS
Antihistamine - reduce swelling & itch
Do not scratch
Cold compress
Advice for FLEAS
Vacuuming, dusting, washing all bedding
Contact local council or pest control for extermination
MMR VACCINES can give to
Woman at child-bearing age
Health workers
Immigrants arriving after school immunisation age
Travellers to endemic areas
MMR Vaccines cannot give to
Immunocompromised children and adults
Pregnant women
What is the MMR vaccine
MMR vaccine is very effective at protecting people against measles, mumps, and rubella, and preventing the complications caused by these diseases.
A table showing a child’s age and when the MMR vaccine is available on the NHS.
Child’s age Vaccine
1 year MMR (1st dose)
3 years and 4 months MMR (2nd dose)
You can still ask your GP surgery for the MMR vaccine if your child has missed either of these 2 doses
After 2 doses:
around 99% of people will be protected against measles and rubella
around 88% of people will be protected against mumps
Treatment of CHICKEN POX for children under 12
Should they be kept away from school?
Child under 12 → paracetamol or topical calamine to stop child scratching (scars)
Yes, Stay away from others because infectious for 3-4 days (b4 blisters appear to after scabs form)
Treatment of CHICKEN POX for adults
Adults → aciclovir (antiviral med) within 1 day to reduce duration and severity
Treatment of SHINGLES
Last 2 weeks, pain followed by rash and lasts after rash has gone
1. antiviral
2. analgesia
3. post0herpetic neuralgia
Aciclovir 800mg 5x day for 7-10 days
Analgesia
→ pain (PCM, NSAIDs, opioids)
→ post-herpetic neuralgia (TCAs like amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin) to reduce neuropathic pain
Advice for SHINGLES
Keep rash clean and dry
Cover with loose clothing
Cold compress
Do not share towels
Small blisters around and on lips (cold sores)
Tingling, itching, burning sensation
Fluid-filled sores on lower lip edges
Herpes simplex virus
Treatment of cold sores/ genital herpes
Antiviral cream zovirax 2g [P] for cold sores (HSV-1)
Cream needs to be applied after tingling sensation begin
Aciclovir for genital sores (HSV-2)
Recommended in pregnancy to prevent congenital herpes
Advice for HERPES
Spread via vaginal/anal sex by contacting with blisters
Condom can prevent as long as blister is covered
Highly contagious, avoid sexual activity
Blocked nose, runny nose, sneezing
Fever, headache, muscle ache
Cough (2-3 weeks)
Clear discharge from nose followed by thick yellow/green after 2-3 days
COMMON COLD
Treatment for COMMON COLD
Ibuprofen (NSAIDs), paracetamol, fluids
Cold remedies only for >6 y/o
Advice for COMMON COLD
Reduce transmission by washing hands, covering with tissues, not sharing utensils
Stop smoking
What is the HPV vaccine
HPV-6 and 11 most common strains → genital warts
Flesh-coloured swelling in genital area
Some warts come tgt forming cauliflower shape
Itching and discomfort
Bleeding with intercourse
HPV-16 and 18 → cervical cancer/genital cancer
