Vox, Mood, Aspect v.2 Flashcards
voice
conveys relation of subject to the action of the verb
active voice
subject performs the action (John cuts the bread)
middle voice
subject participates in the results of the action
John cuts the bread for himself
passive voice
subject receives the action (The bread is cut by John)
stative (no voice)
verbs such as ειμι, have no action
mood
indicates how the speaker regards what he is saying with respect to its factuality
indicative mood
represents something as factual or as if it is reality
John ate dinner
subjunctive mood
represents something as a possibility, supposition, or desire
(John might eat dinner)
optative mood
represents something as a wish
I wish John were eating dinner
imperative mood
represents something as a command (Eat dinner)
aspect
the subjective conception of an action (how author represents action)
aktionsart
objective conception of an action (actual action)
perfective (aorist)
aspect perceived in its entirety as a single, undivided whole
imperfective (present, imperfect)
aspect perceived as an event in progress (continuous)
stative (perfect, pluperfect)
aspect perceived as a condition or state of affairs
present tense
this aspect conveys a continuous notion of an event
imperfect tense (commonly historical narr)
this aspect conveys the speaker’s perception of the continuous nature of an event
future tense
this aspect conveys the speaker’s expectation of a possible event
aorist tense
this aspect conveys the speaker’s perception of an event in its entirety, or single whole
perfect tense
this aspect expresses a completed act with continuing results
pluperfect tense
this aspect expresses a completed act with continuing results, but antecedent to temporal framework
