Aspect, Vox, Mood Flashcards
conveys relation of subject to the action of the verb
voice
subject performs the action (John cuts the bread)
active voice
subject participates in the results of the action
John cuts the bread for himself
middle voice
subject receives the action (The bread is cut by John)
passive voice
verbs such as ειμι, have no action
stative (no voice)
indicates how the speaker regards what he is saying with respect to its factuality
mood
represents something as factual or as if it is reality
John ate dinner
indicative mood
represents something as a possibility, supposition, or desire
(John might eat dinner)
subjunctive mood
represents something as a wish
I wish John were eating dinner
optative mood
represents something as a command (Eat dinner)
imperative mood
how many moods?
(4) Indicative, subjunctive, optative, imperative
moods divided into what two groups?
factual (indicative) and non-factual or potential
subj, opt, impv
moods ONLY express the speaker’s what?
perception of action or state in relation to reality, NOT the objective nature of that relationship
the subjective conception of an action (how author represents action)
aspect
objective conception of an action (actual action)
aktionsart
how many aspects?
(3) perfective (aor), imperfective (pres/imp), and stative (perf/pluperf)
aspect perceived in its entirety as a single, undivided whole
perfective (aorist)
aspect perceived as an event in progress (continuous)
imperfective (present/imperfect)
aspect perceived as a condition or state of affairs
stative (perfect/pluperfect)
temporal relations and finer nuances of aspect conveyed through…?
contextual, lexical, and discourse features of text
this aspect conveys a continuous notion of an event
present
this aspect conveys the speaker’s perception of the continuous nature of an event
imperfect (commonly historical narr)
this aspect conveys the speaker’s expectation of a possible event
future
this aspect conveys the speaker’s perception of an event in its entirety, or single whole
aorist
this aspect expresses a completed act with continuing results
perfect
this aspect expresses a completed act with continuing results, but antecedent to temporal framework
pluperfect
