Vowels, Diphthongs, Rhotics

Question 1

How are vowels classified?

Answer 1

• Height (hoq high/low is tongue)
• Front/back (how far/back is tongue)
• Lip rounding
• Tense/lax

Question 2

List the 4 rounded vowels

Answer 2

u, ʊ, o, ɔ

Question 3

What are the high-mid vowels?

Answer 3

ɪ, ʊ

Question 4

What are the high vowels?

Answer 4

i, u

Question 5

What are the mid vowels?

Answer 5

e, ɜ, ɜr, ər, ə, o

Question 6

What are the low-mid vowels?

Answer 6

ɛ, ʌ, ɔ

Question 7

What are the low vowels?

Answer 7

æ, ɑ

Question 8

List the front vowels

Answer 8

i, ɪ
e, ɛ
æ

Question 9

List the central vowels

Answer 9

ɜ, ɜr, ər, ə, ʌ, a

Question 10

List the back vowels

Answer 10

u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ

Question 11

List the lax vowels

Answer 11

ɪ, ɛ, æ, ɜ, ɜr, ə, ər, a, ʊ, ɔ, a

Question 12

Retracted is another word for

Answer 12

Unrounded

Question 13

When is /e/ used?

Answer 13

In UNSTRESSED syllables when you hear the diphthong - use the diphthong if stressed or in word-final position

Question 14

Do we need to transcribe ɜ?

Answer 14

No - just know it exists and is on the vowel chart

Question 15

What is the difference between ɜr and ər?

Answer 15

Use ɜr when the syllable is STRESSED; Sounds like ər…

Use ər when the syllable is unstressed

Question 16

When do we use /o/?

Answer 16

• When the oʊ sound in unstressed

- Use the diphthong when stressed or in word-final position

Question 17

List the 5 diphthongs and describe their sound

Answer 17

• aɪ or aj = EYes
• aʊ or aw = OUch
• ɔɪ or ɔj = bOY
• eɪ or ej = EH
• oʊ or ow Open

Question 18

In addition to ɜr and ər, what are the other 5 rhotics?

Answer 18

• ɪr / ir - can use either
• ɛr for BEAR… sounds like the eɪ diphthong but know to change when followed by rhotic
• ʊr for SURE, TOUR
• ɔr for MORE, FOUR, STORE
• ɑr for STAR, CAR, BAR

Question 19

What are cardinal vowels?

Answer 19

Monothongs