Vowels, Diphthongs, Rhotics Flashcards
How are vowels classified?
- Height (hoq high/low is tongue)
- Front/back (how far/back is tongue)
- Lip rounding
- Tense/lax
List the 4 rounded vowels
u, ʊ, o, ɔ
What are the high-mid vowels?
ɪ, ʊ
What are the high vowels?
i, u
What are the mid vowels?
e, ɜ, ɜr, ər, ə, o
What are the low-mid vowels?
ɛ, ʌ, ɔ
What are the low vowels?
æ, ɑ
List the front vowels
i, ɪ
e, ɛ
æ
List the central vowels
ɜ, ɜr, ər, ə, ʌ, a
List the back vowels
u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ
List the lax vowels
ɪ, ɛ, æ, ɜ, ɜr, ə, ər, a, ʊ, ɔ, a
Retracted is another word for
Unrounded
When is /e/ used?
In UNSTRESSED syllables when you hear the diphthong - use the diphthong if stressed or in word-final position
Do we need to transcribe ɜ?
No - just know it exists and is on the vowel chart
What is the difference between ɜr and ər?
Use ɜr when the syllable is STRESSED; Sounds like ər…
Use ər when the syllable is unstressed
When do we use /o/?
- When the oʊ sound in unstressed
- Use the diphthong when stressed or in word-final position
List the 5 diphthongs and describe their sound
- aɪ or aj = EYes
- aʊ or aw = OUch
- ɔɪ or ɔj = bOY
- eɪ or ej = EH
- oʊ or ow Open
In addition to ɜr and ər, what are the other 5 rhotics?
- ɪr / ir - can use either
- ɛr for BEAR… sounds like the eɪ diphthong but know to change when followed by rhotic
- ʊr for SURE, TOUR
- ɔr for MORE, FOUR, STORE
- ɑr for STAR, CAR, BAR
What are cardinal vowels?
Monothongs
