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Phonetics > vowels > Flashcards

vowels Flashcards

1
Q

vowels

A

phonemes that are produced without any appreciable constriction or blockage of air flow in the vocal tract

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2
Q

primary articulator in the production of vowels

A

tongue

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3
Q

T/F
As the tongue changes position for production of the individual vowels, the size and shape of the pharynx also change correspondingly.

A

true

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4
Q

/i/

A

“key” -high -front -tense -unrounded

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5
Q

/ɪ/

A

“win” -high -front -lax -unrounded

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6
Q

/e/

A

“rebAte” - high/mid -front -tense- unrounded

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7
Q

/ɛ/

A

“red” -low/mid -front -lax -unrounded

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8
Q

/æ/

A

“had” -low -front -lax -unrounded

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9
Q

/u/

A

“moon” -high -back -tense -rounded

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10
Q

/ʊ/

A

“wood” -high -back -lax -rounded

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11
Q

/o/

A

“Okay” -high/mid -back -tense -rounded

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12
Q

/ɔ/

A

“law” -low/mid -back -tense -rounded

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13
Q

/ɑ/

A

“cod” -low -back -tense -unrounded

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14
Q

/ə/

A

“About” -mid -central -lax -unrounded

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15
Q

/ʌ/

A

“bud” -low/mid -back/central -lax -unrounded

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16
Q

tongue height

A

how high or low in the oral cavity the tongue is when producing a particular vowel (HIGH/MID/LOW)

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17
Q

tongue advancement

A

how far forward(backward) in the mouth the tongue is when producing a particular vowel (FRONT/CENTER/BACK)

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18
Q

secondary characteristic of vowels

A

lip rounding

Rounded or Unrounded

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19
Q

back vowels are mostly

A

rounded

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20
Q

front vowels are all

A

unrounded

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21
Q

tense vowels

A

longer in duration & require more muscular effort

capable of ending stressed open syllables

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22
Q

lax vowels

A

never end a stressed open syllable

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23
Q

monophthongs

A

one vowel sound

1 primary articulatory position in the vocal tract

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24
Q

diphthongs

A

two vowel sounds
an individual phoneme containing two vowels
onglide and offglide

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25
Q

on-glide

A

first vowel in a diphthong

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26
Q

off-glide

A

second vowel in a diphthong
always produced at a higher position in the oral cavity
only /ɪ/ or /ʊ/

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27
Q

T/F

tongue rises in the oral cavity when moving from the on-glide to the off-glide

A

TRUE

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28
Q

front vowels

A

/i/, /ɪ/ , /e/ , /eɪ/ , /ɛ/ , /æ/

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29
Q

point vowels

A

/i/ , /æ/ , /u/ , /ɑ/

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30
Q

r colored vowels

rhotacization

A

vowel perceived of having an “r” quality

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31
Q

T/F

all vowels are voiced

A

TRUE

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32
Q

T/F

all vowels are oral, produced with velopharyngeal closure

A

TRUE

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33
Q

Vowels are classified by …

A

tongue height
tongue advancement
lip rounding
tenseness

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34
Q

corner vowels

A

/i æ u ɑ/

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35
Q

T/F
Tongue height & tongue
advancement are relative
terms

A

TRUE

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36
Q

the fourth characteristic of vowels

A

tenseness

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37
Q

T/F

tense vowels are longer in duration

A

TRUE

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38
Q

Advanced Tongue Root

A

ATR

expands pharyngeal cavity

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39
Q

What is the key tense-lax feature?

A

ATR

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40
Q

tense vowels

A

/i e u o ɔ ɑ ɜ˞/

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41
Q

lax vowels

A

/ɪ ɛ æ ʊ ə ʌ ə˞/

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42
Q

T/F

tense vowels can occur in any type of syllable

A

TRUE

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43
Q

T/F

lax vowels occur in stressed open syllables

A

FALSE

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44
Q

T/F

lax vowels never end a stressed open syllable

A

TRUE

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45
Q

Nonsense String

A

attempting to place a lax vowel into a word that consists of a single, open syllable

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46
Q

Pure Vowels

A

monophthong

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47
Q

/aʊ͜/

A

how

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48
Q

/aɪ͜/

A

eye

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49
Q

/tɔ͜ɪ/

A

toy

50
Q

On-glide or Off-glide more prominent and longer?

A

on-glide

51
Q

what are diphthongs connected by?

A

ligature or tie bar

52
Q

T/F

all diphthongs are rising in english?

A

TRUE

53
Q

phonemic diphthongs

A

meaning will change by creating a minimal pair

ex: “coy” /kɔ͜ɪ/
“caw” /kɔ/

54
Q

non phonemic diphthongs

A

can be monophthongal/dipthongal depending on stress
/e/ & /o/
occurs in stressed and final open syllable

55
Q

non phonemic monophthong

A

occurs in everything EXCEPT stressed and final open syllables

56
Q

front series tongue(body) movement

A

tongue moves forward from central, neutral or resting position

57
Q

where is the tip of the tongue in front series vowels?

A

behind lower teeth

58
Q

/i/

A

> lower case i<
high, front, tense, unrounded

mandible raises
oropharynx enlarges
ATR

59
Q

/ɪ/

A

high, front, lax, unrounded

will not occur in stressed open syllables
not occur in coda-less single syllable words

/ɪŋ/ “king” /kɪŋ/
/ɪɹ/ “fear” /fɪ͜ə˞ /

60
Q

/e/

A

> lower case e<

high- mid, front, tense, unrounded

61
Q

/ɛ/

A

> epsilon<
low-mid, front, lax, unrounded

/ɛ͜ə˞ /

62
Q

/æ/

A

> ash<

low, front, lax, unrounded

63
Q

/i/ common spellings

A

e - “be” /bi/
ee - “keep” /kip/
ea - “beat” /bit/
e-e - “cede” /sid/

64
Q

/ɪ/ common spellings

A

i - “bit” /bɪt/

e - “delight” /dɪlait/

65
Q

/e/ common spellings

A

a-e “skate” /sket/
a - “baby” /bebi/
ai - “braid” /bɹed/

occurs in syllables that do not receive primary stress

66
Q

lax vowels will not

occur in stressed, open syllables

A

lax vowels will not

occur in stressed, open syllables

67
Q

vowel in a stressed syllable lengthened or shortened?

A

LENGTHENED

/e/ & /o/

68
Q

/eɪ͜/

A
  • occurs in syllables that receive primary stress

- final open syllables

69
Q

/ɛ/ common spelling

A

e - “men” /mɛn/

“bed” /bɛd/

70
Q

/ɛ͜ə˞ /

A

air -“bear” /bɛ͜ə˞ /

71
Q

/æ/ common spelling

A

a - “hat” /hæt/

72
Q

no stressed syllables will end in a lax vowel

A

no stressed syllables will end in a lax vowel

73
Q

/æ/ or /eɪ͜/

A

may be difficult to identify

/ræŋ/ or /reɪ͜ŋ/
/reɪ͜n/ or /ræŋ/

74
Q

/ɪ͜ə˞ /

A

ear

75
Q

/u/

A

high, back, tense, rounded

can be found in stressed open syllables

76
Q

/ʊ/

A

> upsilon<
capped u<
flying u,

high, back, lax, rounded

77
Q

/o/

A

mid, back, tense, rounded

78
Q

/ɔ/

A

> open o<
reversed c<

mid, back, tense, rounded

79
Q

/ɑ/

A

> ah sound<

low, back, tense, retracted

80
Q

back series vowels tip of tongue

A

remains behind the lower teeth

81
Q

/u/ common spellings

A

oo “boot” /but/
u-e “true” /tru/
u “stupid” /stupɪd/

“boo” /bu/

82
Q

tense vowels CAN be found in stressed open syllables

A

tense vowels CAN be forund in stressed open syllables

83
Q

Glide /j/ + Vowel /u/

A

yuh
“you” /ju/
“few” /fju/
“music” /mjusɪk/

84
Q

/ju/ is NOT a diphthong

A

/j/ is not a vowel

85
Q

/ʊ/ common spellings

A

oo “book” /bʊk/
ou “could” /kʊld/
u “sugar”

86
Q

lax vowels do not end single syllable words

A

lax vowels do not end single syllable words

87
Q

/ʊ͜ə˞ /

A

“poor” /pʊ͜ə˞ /
“lure” /lʊ͜ə˞ /
“tour” /tʊ͜ə˞ /

88
Q

/o/ common spellings

A

o “go” /go/
o-e “rope” /rop/
oa “foal” /fol/

89
Q

/oʊ͜/

A

occurs in

  • syllables that receive primary stress
  • final open syllables

“road” roʊ͜d/
“snow” /snoʊ͜/

90
Q

/ɔ/ common spellings

A

augh “taught” /tɔt/

aw “raw” /rɔ/

91
Q

/ɔ͜ə˞ /

A

“corn” /kɔ͜ə˞ n/

“score” /skɔ͜ə˞ /

92
Q

/ɑ/ common spellings

A

o “pot” /pɑt/

93
Q

what vowel is the most common in languages of the world?

A

/ɑ/

94
Q

what back vowel(s) are unrounded?

A

/ɑ/

95
Q

/ɑ͜ə˞ /

A

“are” /ɑ͜ə˞ /

96
Q

Rhotic Diphtongs

A 
/ɪ͜ə˞ / ear
/ɛ͜ə˞ / bear
/ʊ͜ə˞ / tour
/ɔ͜ə˞ / tore
/ɑ͜ə˞ / bar
97
Q

/ʌ/

A

> caret<
upside down<
inverted v<

low-mid, back-central, lax, retracted

98
Q

/ə/

A

> schwa<

mid, central, lax, retracted

short duration

99
Q

/ɜ˞ /

A

CLASS AGREED TO NOT USE

> hooked epsilon<
mid, central, tense, rounded

100
Q

/ə˞ /

A

> schwar<

mid, central, lax, rounded

101
Q

/ʌ/ and /ə/

A

represent the same sound
NO minimal pairs exist
contrasting

102
Q

/ʌ/ in _____ syllables

A

stressed

“but” /bʌt/

103
Q

/ə/ in ____ syllables

A

unstressed

“away” /əweɪ͜/

104
Q

/ə˞ / in ____ syllables

A

unstressed

105
Q

/ɜ˞ / in ____ syllables

A

stressed

106
Q

/ɜ˞ / and /ə˞ /

A

represent the same sound

but differ in stress

107
Q

/ə/ common spellings

A

a “about”
e “relevant”
i “imitate”
o “command”

108
Q

What is the most frequently used vowel in ENGLISH?

A

/ə/

109
Q

/ɜ˞ / common spellings

A

er “serve”
ur “curse”
ir “bird”

110
Q

/ə˞˞ / common spellings

A

er “under”

or “labor”

111
Q

english phonology is ____ dependent and a vowel _____ language

A

stress ; reduced

112
Q

which vowels become longer or shorter depending on stress/unstressed syllable?

A

all vowels

113
Q

what group of vowels differ by stress?

A

central vowels

114
Q

degrAde vs degrAdation

A

[dɪɡɹe͜ɪd]

[dɛɡɹəde͜ɪʃən]

115
Q

phonEtic vs phonEtician

A

[fonɛtɪk]

[fonətɪʃən]

116
Q

phOtOgrAph vs phOtOgrApher

A

[foʊ͜təɡɹæf]

[fətɑɡɹəfə˞ ]

117
Q

what is the most common reduced vowel in english?

A

schwa /ə/

118
Q

phonemic diphthongs

A

/aɪ͜ aʊ͜ ɔ͜ɪ/

if you
change the on-glide or
off-glide of these
phonemes, you will transcribe a different word, or change the word to a non-word

119
Q

nonphonemic diphthongs

A

/eɪ͜/ /oʊ͜/

120
Q

rising diphthongs

A

the on-glide is in a lower position in the oral cavity than the off-glide

tongue moves from a lower to a higher position ; tongue rises

Phonetics (2 decks)

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