Vowel Gradation $3, 4

Question 1

What is quantitative vowel gradation? (3.1)

Answer 1

When a vowel, for various reasons, shift its quantity from long to short or from short to long; in quantitative vowel gradation, the vowel is lengthened or shortened to its corresponding long or short vowel.

Question 2

What is qualitative vowel gradation? (3.1)

Answer 2

When a vowel, for various reasons, shift its quantity from long to short or from short to long; in qualitative vowel gradation, the vowel is lengthened or shortened to a totally different vowel

Question 3

What is ablaut? (3.1)

Answer 3

It is when a vowel has a quantitative or qualitative change

Question 4

What does “long” and “short” refer to with verbs? And what are long and short vowels? (3.2)

Answer 4

The relative length of time it requires to pronounce the vowel.
Short: ο, ι
Long: ω, η
Short or long: α, ι, υ

Question 5

What are the typically quanititative vowel gradation patterns? (3.3)

Answer 5

α <> α
α <> η
ε <> η
ι <> ι
ο <> ω
υ <> υ

Question 6

When will an α lengthen to an α and when will it lengthen to an η? (3.3a)

Answer 6

α will lengthen to a long α if ρ, ι, ε (think feminine pie) immediately precedes
Otherwise it will lengthen to an η