Vowel Contractions $2

Question 1

What if the second vowel is ι or υ? (2.2)

Answer 1

1. Then the two vowels form a diphthong.

2. If the first vowel is long and the second ι, then the ι subscripts.

Question 2

What contractions form ου? (2.4b)

Answer 2

1. εο
2. οε
3. οο

Question 3

What happens if ο/ω combine with α/ε (regardless of order)? (2.5)

Answer 3

ω is formed (ω is formed forom almost any combination of omicron or omega with any other vowel, except εο, οε, οο

Question 4

What happens when there are two like vowels? (2.3)

Answer 4

They form their common long (for example: εη=η; οω=ω; αα=α; the exceptions are 2.4)

Question 5

What contractions form ει? (2.4)

Answer 5

1. Either the combination of ε + ι (rule 2.2)

2. Or the combination of εε

Question 6

What happens if α comes before ε or η? (2.7)

Answer 6

They will contract to α

Question 7

What happens if ε or η comes before α? (2.7)

Answer 7

They will contract to η

Question 8

What happens when three vowels come into contact (and the first two or the last two do not form a diphthong)? (2.8)
[Im not sure if this is correct or helpful; I will need to check the details]

Answer 8

1. The second and third vowels contract first
2. And the result contracts with the first vowel
   (another words contraction is from right to left: αει > αι > ᾳ)

Question 9

Are diphthongs considered long vowels or short? What is the exception? (2.11)

Answer 9

1. long

2. the exception is final αι/οι are short

Question 10

What happens when ε contracts with ει? (2.13)

Answer 10

οι

Question 11

What are the spurious diphthongs? (2.4, 2.5)

Answer 11

1. diphthongs that actually arose from a vowel contraction (I think that is what’s meant)
2. ε+ε=ει; ο+ο=ου; ε+ο=ου; ο+ε=ου

Question 12

What happens when a single vowel is followed by a diphthong that begins with the same vowel as the single vowel? (2.13a)

Answer 12

The two similar vowels combine into one

Question 13

What happens when a single vowel is followed by a diphthong that begins with a different vowel as the single vowel? (2.13b)

Answer 13

The single vowel and the first vowel of the diphthong contract according to the regular rules, and the result of that contraction will contract with the second vowel of the diphthong

Question 14

What happens when a single vowel and the first vowel of the diphthong contract according to the regular rules, and the result of that contraction will contract with the second vowel of the diphthong, but the second vowel of the diphthong (the third vowel in order) is and υ? (2.13b)

Answer 14

The υ will remain, unless the middle vowel is also an υ (e.g. ο + ου = ουυ > ου)

Question 15

What happens when a single vowel and the first vowel of the diphthong contract according to the regular rules, and the result of that contraction will contract with the second vowel of the diphthong, but the second vowel of the diphthong (the third vowel in order) is and ι? (2.13b)

Answer 15

The ι subscripts under the newly formed diphthong

Question 16

What are the exceptions to 2.13b?

Answer 16

ε + οι = οι
ο + ει = οι (when the ει is genuine, if ει is spurious then the contraction that is formed is ου)
ο + ῃ = οι
(e.g. πληρο + εις > πληροὶποις; φανερο + ῃ > φανεροι)

Question 17

What are spurious diphthongs? (2.14)

Answer 17

ει ַand ου are called spurious when they are formed as the result of a contraction (e.g. εε, εο, οε, οο) or compensatory lengthening

Question 18

What are genuine diphthongs? (2.14)

Answer 18

ει ַand ου are called genuine when they are formed by the combining of ε + ι or ο + υ