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Informatik 2 > Vorlesung > Flashcards

Vorlesung Flashcards

1
Q

Information System

A

Information system (IS): A system, which was builtTo be used as part of an enterprise. It contains all relevant aaplication systems and is embedded into the organization and management of an enterprise

Human + Application Software + Base Software + Computer + IT-Infrastructure

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2
Q

Application System

A

Application system (AS): a system which consists of business tasks and processes it supports, the underlying IT infrastructure, the application software and the data it requires in order to accomplish its objectives

Application Software + Base Software + Computer + IT-Infrastructure

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3
Q

Software System

A

Application Software + Base Software

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4
Q

Hardware System

A

Computer + IT-Infrastructure

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5
Q

Isolated vs. Connected IS

A

Isolated information systems: media disruptions between information systems (prone to errors, personal intensive, cost intensive, inflexible; Long processing times, complex controlling).

Connected information systems: electronic order and electronic delivery notes. Requirements for the development of connected information systems needs holistic (ganzheitlich) view on an enterprise and its organization, management, business processes, resources etc. -> Enterprise modeling.

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6
Q

Enterprise modelling vs. enterprise model

A

Enterprise modeling: Abstract representation, description, and definition of the structure, processes, information and resources of an identifiable business, government body or other large organization.

Enterprise model: Representation of the structure, activities, processes, information, resources, people, behavior, goals, and constraints of a business, government, or enterprises.

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7
Q

Model

A

Representation of natural or artificial objects, which themselves can be models

Abstraction
Pragmatism
Modeling rules: Homomorph transformation
Language is defined by meta model

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8
Q

Aggregation versus disaggregation

A

Several different objects are combined into a new object

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9
Q

Generalization versus specialization

A

Similar objects are abstracted to become a high level object

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10
Q

ARIS

A 
Organization view
Function view
Data view
Control view
Resource view
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11
Q

Three tier concept

A

Presentation
Logic
Data

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12
Q

Model view controller concept

A

Model
Controller
View

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13
Q

Central server architecture

A

Central common data storage and low-cost terminals

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14
Q

Client/server architecture

A 
Distributed presentation (Windows X)
Remote presentation (Teamviewer)
Distributed application (Siri)
Remote database (Dropbox)
Distributed database (Navigon)

Advantages: flexibility and dependability
Disadvantages: high server workload, planning, network bandwidth required

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15
Q

Cloud computing architecture

A

Services – infrastructure, platform, software

Advantages: scalable, cost efficient, Access anywhere
Disadvantages: rely on provider, security problems, the Availability problems

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16
Q

Peer-to-peer architecture

A

No central instance

Advantages: required resources are provided by many parties
Disadvantages: High complexity, critical mass of peers

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17
Q

Edge computing

A

Computing near to hardware

Advantages: low network load, reduce latency, new functionalities
Disadvantages: security challenges, cost of hardware and license, complexity

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18
Q

Cell based communication

A

Radio networks consisting of several transmitters which cover to certain area. (shape is influenced by environment)

Advantages: higher capacity, reduce transmission power (of device), robustness, better coverage
Disadvantages: complex and costly

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19
Q

Mobile device – functional architecture

A

Radio interface

Application, security, browser/Interpreter, operating system

User-interface

Smartcard: Application, keys & certificates, browser/Interpreter, operating system

NFC

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20
Q

Mobile web app

A

Needs Internet connection
Difficult to implement payment and identification systems
Cannot access OS core functions
But: easy updates

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21
Q

Native app

A 
Supports off-line use
Can use all device functions
Platform specific
App Store (security)
But: updates through app stores
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22
Q

Apple App Store

A

Devices –> Content providers –> content –> customers –> Devices etc.

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23
Q

Play store

A

Support for spreading the web –> experience –> awareness
+
Google services –> user & traffic –> user data
=
Google AdSense
Google AdWords
(advertiser finances all operations above)

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24
Q

Mobile advertising

A

High interactivity

Minimize circulation waste:
Location based
Extensive personalization
Time based

Maximize reach:
Time independent
Mass media
Location independent

Context sensitive targeting of mobile marketing

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25
Q

OSI Protocol

A

Open system interconnection – Open for Connection with other systems

  • Use multiple layers to reduce complexity
  • Provide specific services to the layer above, while shielding it from the details
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26
Q

OSI reference model

A

1-4 Layer: transportation of bits (transport oriented)

5-7 Layer: Data transportation applications (Application oriented)

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27
Q

OSI reference model Layer 1

A

Physical layer

  • Defines mechanical, electrical, Time related specifications for interfaces
  • deals with transmission of bits
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28
Q

OSI reference model Layer 2

A

Data link layer

  • Contains algorithms for efficient and reliable communication
  • segmentation (allocation of data into small packets)
  • confirmation (receiving is confirmed)

MAC Adress

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29
Q

OSI reference model Layer 3

A

Network layer

  • actual transmission of packets
  • main task is routing

Path must be chosen carefully to avoid overload

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30
Q

OSI reference model Layer 4

A

Transport Layer

  • Ensures reliable and cost-effective transportation of data
  • logical setup of end to end connections (set up, coordination and termination of connections – three way handshake)
  • TCP
  • UDP
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31
Q

OSI reference model Layer 5

A

Session Layer

Enables users to start sessions from different computers

  • dialogue protocol
  • token management
  • synchronization
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32
Q

OSI reference model Layer 6

A

Presentation layer

Concerned with the syntax and semantics of information to be transmitted

  • data representation conversions
  • Data compression
  • encryption
33
Q

OSI reference model Layer 7

A

Application Layer

Contains a multitude of protocols of need by users for their applications to work
- DNS, HTTPS, FTP etc.

34
Q

MAC Adress

A

Media access control address: OSI reference model Layer 2

Hardware address (globally unique)

  • Network devices need mac address in order to be explicitly addressed on layer 2 if required by service on higher layers
  • error handling: send enough redundant data in order to allow the recipient to detect and repair incomplete or incorrect messages
  • flow control: ensures that recipients receipts only the amount of messages it can handle
35
Q

IP

A

OSI reference model Layer 3: Internet protocol

Packet oriented, connectionless, not guaranteed

  • total length: relates to the whole datagram
  • Time to live
  • IP source and destination
36
Q

Dijkstra Algorith

A

Selecting paths and forwarding packets the best possible path

Low cost, fast, Bug proof, optimized network load

37
Q

Datagram

A

Packet format which is defined by the IP

Determines how the bits have to be arranged in order for the packet to be recognized

38
Q

TCP:

A

Transmission control protocol – repeat, until acknowledgment of receipt

Three way handshake: question –> confirmation –> confirmation: SYN –> SYN+ACK –> ACK –> Sending of data

39
Q

DNS

A

OSI reference model Layer 7: Domain name system

  • 1 & 2: Local: Ask local DNS server (Q + A)
  • 3 & 4: root: ask root server (Q + A)
  • 5 & 6: Authoritative: ask authoritative server (Q + A)

Each question to sever runs through all 7 layers

40
Q

Wired communications

A

Transmission using physical wires

  • main challenge: distance and bandwidth (transfer rates)
  • different kinds of cable: coaxial, twisted pair, optic fibre
  • different topologies: ring, bus, Star
41
Q

DSL

A

Use existing copper wires of the telephone network

Download > upload
Depending on distance

42
Q

FTTx

A

Fiber to the x

Uses optical fiber for the last mile
–> combination of copper and optical

43
Q

NNS

A

Network and switching subsystems

Connects radio network with a conventional network

44
Q

MSC

A

Mobile switching center (NNS)

Switching center for initiation, termination and handover of connections

45
Q

HLR

A

Home location register (NNS)

Central database with subscriber data

46
Q

VLR

A

Visitor location register (NNS)

Database assigned to every MSC with subscribers data of active subscribers in the MSC range

47
Q

GMSC

A

Gateway mobile switching center (NNS)

Terminate the PSTN (public switched telephone network) signaling and traffic formats and converts this to protocols employed in mobile networks

48
Q

OSS

A

operation subsystem

Supervises operation and maintenance of the whole GSM network

49
Q

OMC

A

Operation and maintenance center (OSS)

Supervises each network components and create status reports

50
Q

AuC

A

Authentication Center (OSS)

Protect identity of participants and transmission data

51
Q

EIR

A

Equipment identity register (OSS)

Databases with identification List for devices
Blacklist, Whitelist, Greylist

52
Q

RSS

A

Radio subsystem

System consisting of radio specific components

53
Q

MS

A

Mobile station (RSS)

System of mobile terminal + SIM

54
Q

BTS

A

Base transceiver station (RSS)

Radio facility for signal transfer

55
Q

BSC

A

Base station controller (RSS)

Administrative created BTS supervises frequency allocation

56
Q

UMTS

A

Universal mobile telecommunication system

3G

57
Q

LTE

A

Next-generation networks 4G

Long-term evolution LTE

58
Q

WiMax

A

Wi-Fi networks, but like LTE

59
Q

IT projects triangle

A

Quality vs. Time vs. Cost

60
Q

Project management tasks

A 
Initiation
Organization
Planning/allocation
Teambuilding/HR management
Documentation and reporting
Quality controlling
Closing
61
Q

Project management team

A

Composition: client, involved departments, consultants, system analysts, system developer, project manager, project controller, specialist

62
Q

Matrix project

A

Only delegated to the project team for the time they are needed

63
Q

Pure project

A

Team members are transferred to the project for the whole duration of the project

64
Q

Project manager’s competence

A

Basic
Social
Organizational
Methodological

Functions

65
Q

SMART Project planning

A 
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Time bound
66
Q

Software engineering

A

Concerned with all aspects of software production:

System specifications
Design
Rollout
Financial constraints

Technical development + project management

67
Q

Vision and scope document

A

enables that shareholders and developers share a common understanding of the needs

Project background, stakeholders, users, risks, assumptions
Vision statement
List off features – List of features not developed

68
Q

Software engineering overview:

A

Requirement specification
Design and implementation
Validation
Evolution

69
Q

Process models

A

Sequential (Waterfall, V-model)
Modified sequential
Evolutionary (Spiral Model)
Agile

70
Q

Objects

A

Things that can respond to messages – encapsulate data

71
Q

Class

A

Template for object (contains variables, constants, and methods)

72
Q

Object

A

Instances of classes, which exists during runtime

73
Q

Association

A

Relation between classes and objects

74
Q

Instantiation

A

Creation of objects

75
Q

Inheritance

A

Classes can inherit attributes or methods to other classes

Parent class subclass

76
Q

Polymorphism

A

Message is sent to objects of different classes –> different returns

77
Q

Object oriented analysis

A

Describes the system as a group of interacting objects, generating a conceptual model

78
Q

Object oriented design

A

Takes OOA as input and defines each object type to be implemented into a certain language

Informatik 2 (4 decks)

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