Probeklausuren Flashcards
Grenzen Sie die Begriffe „Informationssystem“ und „Anwendungssystem“ voneinander ab und unterstützen Sie Ihre Erläuterung zusätzlich durch eine graphische Darstellung.
Information System (IS): A system which was build to be used in a part of an enterprise. It contains all relevant application systems and is embedded into the organisation and management of an enterprise.
Application System (AS): A system, which consists of business tasks and processes it supports, the underlying IT-infrastructure, the application software and the data it required in order to accomplish its objectives.
Nennen Sie vier Nachteile isolierter Informationssysteme. Nennen Sie den Grund wodurch diese verursacht werden.
Media disruptions between Information Systems cause:
Long processing times; Error-prone; Personnel-intensive; Cost-intensive; Inflexible (e.g. regarding order modifications); Difficult controlling because of lack of common data basis
Für die Planung von Informationssystemen in Unternehmen werden Modelle eingesetzt. Erläutern Sie kurz zu welchem Zweck Modelle erstellt werden. Welche Rolle spielt dabei ein Metamodell?
Representation: A model is always representation of natural or artificial objects, which themselves can be models.
Abstraction: Models are typically an excerpt of reality. Pragmatism: The contents of a model are relativized through the following questions: For whom? Why? For what?
Metamodel: The “language” for the definition of a model system is provided by a meta-model.
Nennen und erläutern Sie kurz zwei Herausforderungen bei der kabelgebundenen Kommunikation.
Coping with the distance between two endpoints • Single Point of Failure
• Delay
Provision of the appropriate bandwidth
• Applications with videos stream consumes a lot of bandwidth
Erläutern Sie das Prinzip eines zweiseitigen Markts an einem realen Beispiel eines App- Markts. Nennen Sie dabei die Vor- und Nachteile und erläutern Sie dabei das Konzept der indirekten Netzwerkexternalitäten.
Benefits
Indirect Network Externalities: Increase in usage of one product increases the value of a
complementary product in the network.
Weaknesses
Critical Mass of Users required (Chicken & Egg Problem)
Common Price Structure needs to be balanced
Was sind die „S.M.A.R.T.“ Projektziele? Erklären Sie diese anhand eines selbst gewählten Beispiels.
• Specific:
o Desired objectives should specify what should be achieved and include some
quantitative target values for the end product.
• Measurable:
o You should be able to measure whether the objectives have been met or not.
• Attainable:
o The desired objective must be one that is actually feasible to achieve within the given time and cost parameters.
• Relevant:
o The desired objective should relate directly to the organisation’s business needs and
stated mission.
• Time-bound:
o The boundaries for the completion date of the desired objective should be either a specific date or time.
Nennen Sie zwei Organisationsformen für ein Projektteam und erläutern Sie die Unterschiede.
• Matrix-Project Organisation
o Team members are only delegated to the project team for the time they are
needed in the project.
• Pure Project Organisation
o Team members are transferred to the project team for the whole duration of
the project and return to their department at the end of the project.
• Project-Laboratory Organisation
o Mixture of the above organisation forms: Team members of the IT-
department are permanently assigned to the project, whereas team
UML unterscheidet zwischen vier Sichten. Nennen Sie zwei davon. Erläutern Sie kurz warum verschiedene Sichten existieren.
- Each View specifies and documents a system from a different perspective.
- Each View is supported by one or more diagrams.
- Process View, Deployment View, Use Case View, Logical View
Warum wurde der objektorientierte Ansatz in der Softwareentwicklung eingeführt?
• OO represents things that are part of the real world in their real structure.
• OO-Models represent only the relevant aspects of real world things.
• Objects store their data by themselves and encapsulate them for protection from other
objects
• Consideration of software as set of interacting objects that cooperate in order to accomplish tasks.
o Objects – things in a computer system that can respond to messages.
o Conceptually no processes, programs, data entities, or files are defined – just
objects.
Nennen Sie zwei Anforderungen an eine moderne IS-Architektur und erläutern Sie deren Bedeutung. Geben Sie zudem jeweils ein Beispiel für die von Ihnen genannten Anforderungen an.
- Minimisation of Complexity for IS Components
- Scalability of IS Components
- Portability of IS Components
- Maintainability of IS Components
- Standardisation of IS Components
- Well-defined Interfaces between IS Components
- Independence of IS Components
Warum werden Kommunikationssysteme/-netze nach dem Schichtenprinzip aufgebaut? Worin besteht hier der Vorteil?
- In order to reduce complexity of communication systems, most networks are built using multiple layers, one upon the other.
- In all networks, layers provide specific services to the layer above while, in particular, shielding it from details such as how these services are provided or implemented.
Nennen Sie die vier grundlegenden Aktivitäten, die allen Software Engineering Prozessen zugrundeliegen.
- Requirements Specification,
- Design and Implementation,
- V alidation, • Evolution
Erläutern Sie den Unterschied zwischen dynamischen und statischen UML Diagrammen.
- Static: Describes objects and their relations in a system
* Dynamic: Describes system processes
Erläutern Sie die Begriffe „wohlgeformtes XML Dokument“ und „valides XML Dokument“.
Well-Formed:
An XML document is well-formed, if
• It only contains properly encoded legal Unicode characters.
• None of the special syntax characters such as “
