vomiting child Flashcards
define vomiting
forceful ejection of gastric contents, common in infancy and childhood
define posseting
small amounts of milk and swallowed air bought up
occurs in nearly all babies from time to time
define regurgitation
= larger, more frequent losses, may indicate presence of more significant GORD
causes of vomiting in newborns and infants
GORD
over/under feeding
infection [GRWUM ‘get ready with you and me’]
– gastroenteritis, Resp tract infection, whooping cough (pertussus) UTI, meningitis
dietary protein intoleracnes
intestinal obstruction [VAMPISH]
– volvulus, atresia (duodenal etc), malrotation, pyloric stenosis, intussuseption, strangulated inguinal hernia, hirschprungs disease
inborn errors of metab
CAH
renal failure
causes of vomiting in pre-school kids
infection (GRWUM) ‘get ready with you and me’
appendicitis
intestinal obstruction [FAVIM]
– foreign body eg. bezoar, adhesions, volvulus, intussusseption, malrotation
increased ICP
coeliac diseas
renal failure
inborn errors of metab
torision of testes
causes of vomiting in school age and adolescents
infection [GPSM]
– gastroenteritis, pyelonephritis, septicemia, meningitis
peptic ulceration + H pylori infection
appendicitis
migraine
raised ICP
coeliacs
renal failure
DKA
alcohol/drug ingestions
cyclical vomiting syndrome
bulemia/anorexia nervosa
preg
torsion of testes
acute vomiting- define
discrete episode of mod-high intensity.
commonly linked to acute illness
eg.
gi infections non gi infection eg. UTI gi obstruction- acquired/congenital (eg. pyloric stenosis) food poisoning increased icp dka
nb: usually transient s/s eg. fever, diarrhoea, runny nose, cough
nb: if projectile @ 2-7 weeks of age: exclude pyloric stenosis
nb: if bile stained: exclude intestinal obstruction
chronic vomiting- define
low grade daily pattern, freq linked to mild illness
eg.
PUD GORD chronic infection gastritis food allergy bulimia preg psychogenic
cyclic vomiting- define
severe, discrete episodes
associated pallor, lethargy, abdo pain
oft fhx of migraine/vomiting
causes: - idiopathic cns disease abdo migraine endocrine [eg addisons] intermittent gi obstruction fabricated illness
red flag: bile stained vomit
intestinal obstruction
red flag : haematemesis
oesophagitis
peptic ulceration
oral/nasal bleeding
red flag : projectile vomiting
[in 1st few weeks of life: pyloric stenosis]
red flag : vomiting @ end of paroxysmal coughing
whooping cough [pertussis]
red flag : abdo tenderness
surgical abdo
red flag : abdo distention
intestinal obstruction eg. strangulated inguinal hernia
