ALL Flashcards
1
Q
define
A
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy affecting children and accounts for 80% of childhood leukaemias
. The peak incidence is at around 2-5 years of age and boys are affected slightly more commonly than girls
2
Q
s/s
A
Features may be divided into those predictable by bone marrow failure:
- anaemia: lethargy and pallor
- neutropaenia: frequent or severe infections
- thrombocytopenia: easy bruising, petechiae
And other features
- bone pain (secondary to bone marrow infiltration)
- splenomegaly
- hepatomegaly
- testicular swelling
3
Q
types
A
Types
- common ALL (75%), CD10 present, pre-B phenotype
- T-cell ALL (20%)
- B-cell ALL (5%)
4
Q
Poor prognostic factors
A
- age < 2 years or > 10 years
- WBC > 20 * 109/l at diagnosis
- T or B cell surface markers
- non-Caucasian
- male sex
