Voluntariness of Human Act

Question 1

– when the agent fully knows and fully intends the act
( Example: telling a lie to your parents )

Answer 1

Perfect

Question 2

– when there is some defect in the agent’s knowledge,
intention, or both.
( Example: adding details in narrating an event )

Answer 2

 Imperfect

Question 3

is present in a human act done, whether the
agent likes or dislikes doing it.
( Example: washing the dishes after the family meal )

Answer 3

 Simple voluntariness

Question 4

is present in the agent’s wish to do
something other than that which he is actually doing, but doing
with dislike.
( Example: washing the dishes with a wish of just watching TV )

Answer 4

Conditional voluntariness

Question 5

is present in a human act willed in itself.

Answer 5

 Direct voluntariness

Question 6

is present in that human act which is the
foreseen result of another act directly willed

Answer 6

Indirect voluntariness

Question 7

A human act that is directly willed is called

Answer 7

voluntary in se

Question 8

while that which is indirectly willed is called

Answer 8

voluntary in causa

Question 9

is present in a human act of doing,
performing. It is present in an act that the agent is ought to do
and is doing it.
( Example: A student attends class on his scheduled time. )

Answer 9

Positive voluntariness

Question 10

is present in a human act of omitting,
refraining from doing. It is present in an act that the agent is not
ought to do but is doing it.
( Example: A student deliberately misses class.

Answer 10

 Negative voluntariness

Question 11

(intention) is present in a human act willed
here and now.
( Example: The “I do” vows of a man and a woman during the
marriage rites. )

Answer 11

Actual voluntariness

Question 12

(intention) is present in a human act done as
a result of (or in virtue of) a formerly elicited actual intention
even if that intention be here and now forgotten.
( Example: The faithfulness of the husband/wife with his/her
spouse throughout their married life. )

Answer 12

Virtual voluntariness

Question 13

(intention) is present in a human act done
in agreement with, but not as a result of, a formerly elicited and
unrevoked actual intention.

Answer 13

Habitual voluntariness

Question 14

(intention) is that voluntariness which,
in the judgment of prudence and common sense, would be
actually present if opportunity or ability for it were given.

Answer 14

Interpretative voluntariness

Question 15

, or voluntariness in causa, is present in that
human act which is an effect, foreseen or foreseeable, of
another act directly willed.

Answer 15

Indirect voluntariness

Question 16

 The agent (doer of the action) is responsible (imputable) for the evil
effect of a cause directly willed when the following conditions are
met:
a. when he can readily foresee the evil effect, at least in a
general way
b. when he is free to refrain from doing what causes the evil
effect
c. when he is bound to refrain from doing what causes the evil
effect

Answer 16

 Principle of Indirect Voluntariness (First Question)

Question 17

 The agent may lawfully perform an act which has two effects, one
good and one evil, when the following conditions are met:
a. when the evil effect does not come before the good effect so
as to be a means to it
b. when there exists a reason, proportionately grave or weighty,
which calls for the good effect
c. when the agent intends the good effect exclusively, and
merely permits the evil effect as a regrettable side-issue

Answer 17

Principle of Double Effect (Second Question)