Volume Expansion and Contraction

Question 1

What is pitting edema?

Answer 1

Excessive fluid retention in the INTERSTITIAL fluid. You can press against the swelling and the finger imprint will remain there.

Question 2

Do ALL cases of lower extremity edema stem directly from Na+ and fluid retention?

Answer 2

No. In old people, poor peripheral vascular insufficiency can cause local malfunctions where edema can occur.

Question 3

What are 2 treatment options for elderly people who have peripheral edema?

Answer 3

1. Compression stockings

2. Keep feet elevated whenever possible

Question 4

Where are 2 transcellular places where fluid can pile up?

Answer 4

1. Pleural cavity (pleural effusion)

2. Peritoneal cavity (ascites)

Question 5

True or False: A low-Na+ diet can partially correct the edema.

Answer 5

True.

Question 6

Aside from reducing Na+ intake, what class of drugs can reduce volume overload?

Answer 6

Diuretics

Question 7

Is plasma part of the ECF volume?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What is hypovolemic shock?

Answer 8

When plasma volume is severely reduced

Question 9

What are 2 RENAL causes for reduced ECF volume?

Answer 9

1. Prolonged use of powerful loop diuretics and osmotic diuretics
2. Tubule defects