Renal Hypertension Flashcards
What is the setup of the one-clip Goldblatt hypertension?
Placement of a surgical clip on the renal artery of one kidney to produce hypertension.
How does the one-clip Goldblatt experiment produce hypertension?
It stimulates the renal baroreceptors and leads to a rapid synthesis and secretion of renin.
How long is renin released for after the clip is placed on the renal artery in the experiment?
1 hour
Where is ACE (angiotensinogen-converting enzyme) located?
Lungs and the kidney
What does ACE do?
Convert Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
What does renin do?
Converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I
How long does it take for the renin-angiotensin system to decrease back to normal after the one-clip Goldblatt experiment?
5 to 7 days
What is the goal of the renin-angiotensin system
To return system pressure to normal in the renal artery.
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system is the short-term activation of hypertension. What is the cause of long-term hypertension?
Increase in aldosterone release that comes later.
How is the two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension experiment different that the one-kidney Goldblatt hypertension?
You clip 2 kidneys instead of one. Similar effects occur
In both types of Goldblatt hypertension, what medication can be given to reduce systemic pressure?
ACE inhibitors
Are ACE inhibitors still helpful for Goldblatt hypertension even after the renin-angiotensin levels have returned to normal? Why?
Yes. Because it is the intra-renal ACE (that is still elevated after CIRCULATING ACE levels return to normal) becomes responsible for increased systemic pressure
What are 4 common diseases that cause renal hypertension?
- Coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta)
- Renin-secreting tumors
- Renal stenosis
- Inflammatory or fibrotic lesions that stenose (narrow) the pre-glomerular arterioles.
What is the most common cause of renal hypertension?
Inflammatory/fibrotic lesions that stenose (narrow) the pre-glomerular arterioles.
