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Geography Paper 1 > Volcanos > Flashcards

Volcanos Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the landforms volcanos create ?

A

Ocean Ridges
Rift valleys
Deep see trenches
Island arcs
Young fold mountains
Fault lines
Hot spots

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2
Q

what is an ocean ridge

A

constrictive boundary
sea floor spreads via magma plumes
magma rises
new crust created
basaltic lave - low viscosity

Mid Atlantic ridge

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3
Q

Rift valley characteristics

A

constructive boundary
crust moves apart
crust stretches & gets thinner
magma rises, breaks crust & creates new crust

Great African rift valley

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4
Q

deep sea trench

A

destructive boundary
subduction zone
oceanic crust melts and rises up through the crust
andesitic lava - vicious and explosive

Mariana Trench

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5
Q

Island arc

A

destructive boundary
subduction zone
oceanic crust melts and rises up through the crust
andesitic lava - vicious and explosive

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6
Q

Young fold mountains

A

collisional boundary
2 continental crusts meet and push upwards

Himalayas

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7
Q

Fault Lines

A

conservative boundary
2 plates move parallel and create stress
the surface breaks as a result

san Andreas fault

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8
Q

Hot spots

A

the core causes magma to become radioactive
magma plumes eat at crust
basaltic lava
breaks through crust

Hawai

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9
Q

How many types of volcanos are there

A

5
Fissure
Shield
Dome/composit
Ash&cinder
Caldera

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10
Q

Fissure volcano

A

Constructive
Ridges and valleys
Basaltic lava ejected through fissures

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11
Q

Shield

A

Constructive
Basaltic lava flows from central vent
Travels before solidifying
Forms layers
Genuinely sloped

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12
Q

Dome/composit

A

Destructive boundary Andesitic lava from central vent
Solidifies quick
Forms layers
Steep sided

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13
Q

Ash & cinder

A

Fine ash and cinder ejected from central vent
Builds up & creates layers

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14
Q

Caldera

A

Gas builds in chamber and explodes
Creates sides collapse
Depression can be filled with water

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15
Q

What are the volcanic hazards

A

Pyroclastic flow
Nuee ardent
Tephra
Lava flow
Lahar/mudflow
Acid rain

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16
Q

Pyroclastic flow

A

Hot ash and lava
200m/s
Travel large distances
350-1000°

17
Q

Pyroclastic flow impacts

A

Burns
Destroyes everything in its path
Fires
Melt water and cause floods & lahars

18
Q

Nuer ardent

A

Cloud of dence material
50km from source
“Glowing cloud”

19
Q

Tephra

A

Ejected rock from explosion
Small = far
Big =close

20
Q

Nuee ardent & tephra impacts

A

Ash = breathing difficulties, blocks light, change temp
Damage crops
Interup communication
Endanger air travel

21
Q

Lava flow

A

Basaltic lava
10km/h
100 + km
Destroy everything in its path

22
Q

Lava flow impacts

A

Trigger lahar
Methane build up and cause explosion
Ignites fires
Water evaporate immediately and cause molton showers

23
Q

Case study

A

Eyjafjnallajokull Iceland 2010, 3 rating volcanic explosively index

24
Q

What type of Volcano was is (case study)

A

Composite volcano on constructive bounty

25
Q

What caused the eruption
(case study)

A

Ridge push moved the plates and magma rose and filled the chamber

26
Q

Primary effect on ppl (case study)

A

Had to wear face masks to prevent chocking on ash

27
Q

How many people evacuated
(case study)

A

700

28
Q

primary effect on air travel (case study)

A

ash clouds causes a no fly zone to be established over europe
airlines lost £130 mil a day

29
Q

primary effect on light

A

ash cloud blocked sun and turned day to night

30
Q

what primary effect did the meltwater cause

A

floods caused due to heat melting the ice pack which lead to roads, buildings and plats to be destroyed

31
Q

secondary effects of 2010 eyja

A

sporting events and flights cancelled
water supplies were contaminated
fresh food and raw imports were stopped
kenyas flower industry lost $1.3 mill a day due to lack of flights to europe

32
Q

what opportuniies did eyjak bring to iceland

A

no flights ment 2.8 million tonnes of co were not emitted into the atmosphere
iron from the ash entered the north atlantic sea, caused a plankton boom and increased biological processes
promoted tourism and use of other transport services, 1/3 increased eurostar passengers

33
Q

Lahar

A

Ash & material mix with water
Highly erosive
60km/h
Engulf everything
Melt ice

34
Q

Lahar impacts

A

Melt snow = floods
Silt up river = future floods
Trap ppl
Destroy everything

35
Q

Acid rain

A

Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide mix with water

36
Q

Acid rain impacts

A

Poison water supplies
Death
Dizziness
Make oceans & water acidic = kill wildlife
Crops destroyed

37
Q

Volcanic hazards

A

Pyroclastic flow
Nuee ardent
Tephra
Lava flow
Acid rain

Geography Paper 1 (5 decks)

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