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Geography Paper 1 > Tropical Storms > Flashcards

Tropical Storms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tropical storm

A

A low pressure spinning storm with high winds and torrential rain

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2
Q

what conditions are needed

A

Heat - ocean 50m deep at 26-27 degrees
Moisture - 5 degrees north or south of equator
Spin - convergence pressure where high and low meet, Coriolis effect of earth causes right spin effect

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3
Q

formation of tropical storm

A
  1. air warmed by deep warm sea
  2. warm air rises rapidly and created low pressure
  3. air rushes into fill gap and rises in a spinning way (Coriolis effect)
  4. warm air rises & condenses to form clouds
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4
Q

Primery impacts

A

Heavy rainfall 100mm/day +
High winds 120km/h +
Storm Surges - rise in sea level = water pushed to land

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5
Q

Secondary impacts

A

Flooding - high rain & storm surges
Landslides - water makes soil heavy
Flying debris
Wildfires
Power and communication losses

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6
Q

social Primary effects

A

Drowning
Debris = injury
displacement

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7
Q

Social secondary effects

A

food shortage from land damage = no transport and growth
polluted water supply = disease spread
homelessness

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8
Q

envirnonmental primary effects

A

costal habitats destroyed
beaches erroded

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9
Q

environmental secondary effects

A

salt water contamination
water changes cours due to debris
waterlogged land = no crops
animals displaced (crocs)

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10
Q

econimic primary effects

A

agricultural land damaged
businesses lost

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11
Q

economic secondary effecst

A

rebuilding and insurance pay out cost
source of income lost
economy declines

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12
Q

political secondary effects

A

issues paying back international aid
pressure to change climate change to aim to reduce tropical storms

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13
Q

how to prevent tropical storms

A

cant fully prevent but can mitigate climate change to prevent high category storms

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14
Q

how to prepere for a tropical storm

A

educate on what to do
have evacuation plans and training
monitor cloud movement via satalites and warn at risk areas
have storm warning systems (phone alert in japan)

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15
Q

mitigation of tropical storms

A

strengthen homes - door and window barriers
clear loose debris before storm

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16
Q

How to adapt to a tropical storm

A

move away
implement flood defences - sea walls, levees, houses on stilts
design wind proof budlings

17
Q

case studys

A

Huricane katrina
Typhoon haiyan

18
Q

what happened (katrina)

A

Category 5 Hurricane august 2005
made landfall on florida then new orleans

19
Q

Primary effects of Katrina

A

6m storm surge
200km/h winds
200-250 mm rainfall
1833 deaths

20
Q

Long term effects of Katrina

A

Looting occurred
80% city flooded
1200 ppl drowned
1 million ppl made homeless
7 mil tonnes oil spilt

21
Q

Short term responses to Katrina

A

Superdome was opened for saftey but food and water quickly ran out
7.5 million hot meals were made for ppl

22
Q

Long term responses to Katrina

A

Levees heightened
Gov provided $50 mil aid
Pumps made to remove flood water
National guard restored law and order for future evacuations

23
Q

What happened (Typhoon Hiyan)

A

Cat 5 typhoon on 8th November 2013

24
Q

Primary effects of Haiyan

A

5m storm surge
314km/h winds
400mm rainfall
6300 deaths

25
Q

Secondary effects of hiyan

A

29000 injured
4.1mill homeless
14.5 mill effected
$12 billion damage
1.1 mil houses destroyed

26
Q

Environmental impacts of hiyan

A

800 000 liter oil spill = 10 hectares of mangroves contaminated
Landslides due to flooding

27
Q

Social impacts of hiyan

A

Water contamination via sea water & sewage = disease spread
8ppl died in food supply stampede
Schools destroyed = education damaged

28
Q

Economic effects

A

Rice price increased by 12% by 2014
$700 mill lost by farmers and fishermen

29
Q

Immediat response to hiyan

A

800 000 ppl evacuated
1200+ evacuation centers set up
1mill food packages & 250 000 litres of water distributed in 2 weeks
3days after airports opened and aid was received
33 countries helped send aid

30
Q

Long term response to hiyan

A

Build back better established in 2014 to build back to protect in future
No build set up
Oxfam replaced fishing boats
Cash for work program
Storm surge warning system

Geography Paper 1 (5 decks)

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