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geography paper 1 > Tropical Storms > Flashcards

Tropical Storms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tropical storm

A

A low pressure spinning storm with high winds and torrential rain

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2
Q

what conditions are needed

A

Heat - ocean 50m deep at 26-27 degrees
Moisture - 5 degrees north or south of equator
Spin - convergence pressure where high and low meet, Coriolis effect of earth causes right spin effect

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3
Q

formation of tropical storm

A
  1. air warmed by deep warm sea
  2. warm air rises rapidly and created low pressure
  3. air rushes into fill gap and rises in a spinning way (Coriolis effect)
  4. warm air rises & condenses to form clouds
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4
Q

Primery impacts

A

Heavy rainfall 100mm/day +
High winds 120km/h +
Storm Surges - rise in sea level = water pushed to land

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5
Q

Secondary impacts

A

Flooding - high rain & storm surges
Landslides - water makes soil heavy
Flying debris
Wildfires
Power and communication losses

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6
Q

social Primary effects

A

Drowning
Debris = injury
displacement

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7
Q

Social secondary effects

A

food shortage from land damage = no transport and growth
polluted water supply = disease spread
homelessness

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8
Q

envirnonmental primary effects

A

costal habitats destroyed
beaches erroded

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9
Q

environmental secondary effects

A

salt water contamination
water changes cours due to debris
waterlogged land = no crops
animals displaced (crocs)

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10
Q

econimic primary effects

A

agricultural land damaged
businesses lost

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11
Q

economic secondary effecst

A

rebuilding and insurance pay out cost
source of income lost
economy declines

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12
Q

political secondary effects

A

issues paying back international aid
pressure to change climate change to aim to reduce tropical storms

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13
Q

how to prevent tropical storms

A

cant fully prevent but can mitigate climate change to prevent high category storms

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14
Q

how to prepere for a tropical storm

A

educate on what to do
have evacuation plans and training
monitor cloud movement via satalites and warn at risk areas
have storm warning systems (phone alert in japan)

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15
Q

mitigation of tropical storms

A

strengthen homes - door and window barriers
clear loose debris before storm

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16
Q

How to adapt to a tropical storm

A

move away
implement flood defences - sea walls, levees, houses on stilts
design wind proof budlings

17
Q

case studys

A

Huricane katrina
Typhoon haiyan

18
Q

what happened (katrina)

A

Category 5 Hurricane august 2005
made landfall on florida then new orleans

19
Q

Primary effects of Katrina

A

6m storm surge
200km/h winds
200-250 mm rainfall
1833 deaths

20
Q

Long term effects of Katrina

A

Looting occurred
80% city flooded
1200 ppl drowned
1 million ppl made homeless
7 mil tonnes oil spilt

21
Q

Short term responses to Katrina

A

Superdome was opened for saftey but food and water quickly ran out
7.5 million hot meals were made for ppl

22
Q

Long term responses to Katrina

A

Levees heightened
Gov provided $50 mil aid
Pumps made to remove flood water
National guard restored law and order for future evacuations

23
Q

What happened (Typhoon Hiyan)

A

Cat 5 typhoon on 8th November 2013

24
Q

Primary effects of Haiyan

A

5m storm surge
314km/h winds
400mm rainfall
6300 deaths

25
Q

Secondary effects of hiyan

A

29000 injured
4.1mill homeless
14.5 mill effected
$12 billion damage
1.1 mil houses destroyed

26
Q

Environmental impacts of hiyan

A

800 000 liter oil spill = 10 hectares of mangroves contaminated
Landslides due to flooding

27
Q

Social impacts of hiyan

A

Water contamination via sea water & sewage = disease spread
8ppl died in food supply stampede
Schools destroyed = education damaged

28
Q

Economic effects

A

Rice price increased by 12% by 2014
$700 mill lost by farmers and fishermen

29
Q

Immediat response to hiyan

A

800 000 ppl evacuated
1200+ evacuation centers set up
1mill food packages & 250 000 litres of water distributed in 2 weeks
3days after airports opened and aid was received
33 countries helped send aid

30
Q

Long term response to hiyan

A

Build back better established in 2014 to build back to protect in future
No build set up
Oxfam replaced fishing boats
Cash for work program
Storm surge warning system

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