volcanoes and earthquakes

Question 1

what is a conservative plate boundary?

Answer 1

-plates slide past eachother

Question 2

what is a constructive plate boundary?

Answer 2

-plates move apart

Question 3

what is a destructive plate boundary?

Answer 3

-plates move towards eachother

Question 4

features of a strato volcano:

Answer 4

-steep-sided
-viscous lava
-explosive eruptions
-formed from alternating layers of ash and lava

Question 5

features of shield volcano:

Answer 5

-gently sloping sides
-runny lava
-less explosive
-frequent eruptions

Question 6

volcanoes at constructive boundaries:

Answer 6

-as plates move apart, lava escapes
-lava cools and hardens forming a new crust
-forms shield volcanos

Question 7

volcanos at destructive boundaries:

Answer 7

-heavier oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate
-in subduction zone, 2 plates come together causing friction
-friction cause heat, plate material melts and magma is formed
-magma rises to surface through cracks
-cooling lava and ash build up forming a volcano.

Question 8

what is an earthquake?

Answer 8

-sudden, violent shaking of the ground caused by plate movement.

Question 9

how does an earthquake form?

Answer 9

-as tectonic plates move, they get stuck
-pressure builds as plates continue to move
-plates jolt free and pressure is released as energy
-energy passes through earths crust
-earthquake happens

Question 10

structure of the earth order, (centre to the outside)

Answer 10

-inner core
-outer core
-mantle
-crust

Question 11

why do earths tectonic plates move?

Answer 11

-inner core’s heat rises and radiated outwards
-convection currents move upwards which hit the crusts and spread outwards
-crust floats on top of mantle
-convection currents cool down the move back to core, forming a cycle.

Question 12

how to measure an earthquake?

Answer 12

-richter scale
-measures amount of energy

Question 13

effects of both volcanoes and earthquakes?

Answer 13

-loss of life
-destroyed buildings
-transport networks destroyed
-loss of jobs
-loss of crops
-power and water supply damaged
-damage to environment
-airport closure

Question 14

how to reduce earthquake/ volcano impact?

Answer 14

-build strong buildings
-shock absorbers
-fire resistant materials
-shatter-proof glass
-use diagonal bracing

Question 15

factors effecting earthquakes impact…

Answer 15

-magnitude
-distance from epicentre
-depth
-earthquake drills
-high pop density

Question 16

factors effecting volcano impact…

Answer 16

-magnitude
-type of volcano
-amount of ash in atmosphere
-planning/ preparation

Question 17

opportunities from volcanos

Answer 17

-fertile soil
-tourism
-minerals and precious stone
-geothermal energy
-creates new land area

Question 18

whys it important to provide clean water + sanitation after earthquake?

Answer 18

-to survive
-there would be no running water so people cannot bath
-water contamination due to earthquake

Question 19

what is meant by the depth of focus?

Answer 19

distance underground the earthquake occurs.

Question 20

what can be done to reduce impact of eruptions?

Answer 20

-evacuation
-wear masks to protect from ash
-strengthen roofs of houses
-monitor volcano
-train emergency services

Question 21

explain how new buildings can be earthquake-proofed?

Answer 21

-stronger base
-use diagonal bracing
-metal beams
-automatic window shutters
-fire resistant materials

Question 22

explain why the distribution of the areas where large numbers of deaths have been caused by an earthquake is uneven?

Answer 22

-different levels of intensity in earthquakes
-quality of healthcare
-earthquake planning
-monitoring
-some areas are more densely populated

Question 23

explain why earthquakes of same magnitude have different impacts?

Answer 23

-variation in building quality
-variation in emergency services
-variation in population density
-variation in amount of education
-variation in access to roads

Question 24

why do people live in areas at risk from earthquakes?

Answer 24

-children educated there
-employment
-friends and family live there
-cannot afford to move
-confidence in protection methods.
-dont think it will happen

Question 25

why are more deaths caused by earthquakes than volcanos?

Answer 25

-volcanoes give warnings
-people have time to evacuate
-earthquakes affect larger area
-more common
-few people live close to volcanos.

Question 26

why do many live near earthquakes ?

Answer 26

-cant afford to move
-employment
-friends and fam there
-attachment
-pressure on living space

Question 27

what is a fault

Answer 27

fracture of the rocks which make up earths crust

Question 28

why boundaries where plates move towards each other are known as destructive boundaries?

Answer 28

-crust is destroyed
-rock turns into magma

Question 29

why volcanoes form at places where plates move apart from each other?

Answer 29

-gap opens up
-magma passes through cracks
-crust created