Volcanoes Flashcards
What type of volcano is created on a destructive plate margin?
Composite cone (stratocone) volcano, an example being Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, which is on a destructive plate margin between the Eurasian continental plate and the Philippine Oceanic plate.
What type of volcano is created on a constructive plate margin?
Shield volcano, an example being Katla in Iceland, which is on a constructive plate margin between the North American and Eurasian plate.
What is a ‘hotspot’?
An area where multiple volcanoes occur away from plate margins, probably due to strong upward currents in the mantle, an example being the Hawaiian hotspot and the shield volcano Mauna Loa.
What type of lava comes from Stratocone volcanoes?
Andesite, highly viscous lava that has lots of gaseous sediment from the oceanic plate.
What type of lava comes from Shield volcanoes?
Basalt, less viscous lava that therefore is very runny and moves quickly.
What piece of equipment monitors volcanic activity?
Seismometers. They measure seismic activity in the ground, like lava breaking faults, to predict when a volcanic eruption will take place.
What three P’s are used to manage eruptions and earthquakes?
Planning, Prediction, and Protection.
What gas signals that a volcanic eruption is close?
Sulfur dioxide, which is measured by co-specs.
What is at a base of a volcano?
Magma chamber
What links the magma chamber to the crater in a volcano?
The vent
Why was Planning, Prediction and Protection hard for Pinatubo?
Because Pinatubo is located in the Philippines which is an LEDC, and therefore there was limited funding.
Mount Pinatubo produced Pyroclastic flows and Lahars. What are they?
Pyroclastic flows- avalanches of hot, thick volcanic gas, ash and rock which can flow at 100mph down the steep sides of the composite volcanoes.
Lahars- Mud flow that has the texture of concrete due to volcanic ash. Caused by rainwater mixing with volcanic ash. At Mount Pinatubo the lahars were caused by Typhoon Uring, which occurred just after Mount Pinatubo erupted.
What do boreholes measure?
Underground water temperature as the rising magma will heat it up.
What do tilt meters measure?
Detect the volcano ‘swelling up’ as it fills with magma, effectively the deformation of rocks as the magma chamber fills.
How ere the surrounding areas of Pinatubo evacuated?
By plot zones around Pinatubo.
