Volcanoes

Question 1

Divergent plate boundary

Answer 1

Where tectonic plates are pulled apart allowing molten rock to emerge at the earths surface

Question 2

Vent

Answer 2

Opening in a volcano through which molten, rock and gas can escape

Question 3

Ring of fire

Answer 3

Volcanoes which have formed around the Pacific Ocean

Question 4

Hotspot

Answer 4

An area where mantle has melted resulting in rising magma

Question 5

Magma

Answer 5

Hot fluid or semi fluid material below or within the earths crust

Question 6

Pyroclastic flow

Answer 6

Mixture of rock, ash, gases and water that moves rapidly down slope

Question 7

Caldera

Answer 7

Large, basin shaped depression

Question 8

Pangaea

Answer 8

Wegners parent landmass( supercontinent )

Question 9

Lava dome

Answer 9

A mound of viscous lava

Question 10

Seafloor spreading

Answer 10

The separation of tectonic plates on the floor of the ocean

Question 11

Plate tectonic theory

Answer 11

The idea that earths outer shell is divided into several plates. They slide over one another

Question 12

Transform plate boundaries

Answer 12

Where plates slide past each other. Hey are often found on the sea floor

Question 13

Volcanology

Answer 13

The study of volcanoes and the associated geomorphic processes

Question 14

Lithosphere

Answer 14

One of the earths four spheres. Consists of the crust and mantle( rocks, Mountains ect. )

Question 15

Phreatic eruption

Answer 15

Steam driven explosions. Occur when ash and steam are forced out of the vents

Question 16

What is the difference between lava and magma

Answer 16

Magma is composed of molten rock and is stored in the earths crust. Lava is magma that reacher the surface of our planet grouch a vent

Question 17

How is a dormant volcano different to an extinct volcano

Answer 17

A dormant volcano is active, it is not erupting but is likely to. Extinct volcanoes have not erupt in 10000 years and is not likely to

Question 18

Why do earthquakes occur and why some areas are more prone to earthquakes than other

Answer 18

They occur because of the plates colliding, and some are more prone because they are closer to plate boundaries

Question 19

If active volcanoes can be dangerous why do people live and work on their slopes

Answer 19

People still choose to stay there because of the advantages like minerals and fertile soil, geothermal energy and tourism. People believe that volcanoes are predictable, so they will know if it is going to erupt

Question 20

Give two examples of how volcanic eruptions can cause damage to the surrounding environment

Answer 20

Many gases are emitted that are harmful, sulphur dioxide is converted to sulphuric acid in the stratosphere, this is the main cause of acid rain. CO2 is a green house gas that leads to global warming

Question 21

Describe the social impact in Montserrat from the volcanic eruption

Answer 21

Decreasing population and infrastructure. In Plymouth 1995 it was home to about 4500 people- a third of the islands population. It also housed the main port, all the government buildings and most of the businesses. Now it is buried by debris and lava from the volcano above it. When the evacuation began prisoners were housed in a community center, the treasury and radio stations were run out of people’s homes. Many peoples homes became part of the exclusion zone and so they lost many possessions and could never live in their home again

Question 22

Describe the economic impact in Montserrat

Answer 22

Many businesses closed down or were destroyed. Lots of people were living in the shelters and schooling was done in a church. Work was so unavailable many people chose to leave the island. Because of the fertile soil on the slopes of the volcano there were many farms that were completely destroyed by the pyroclastic flow

Question 23

Describe the environmental impact in Montserrat

Answer 23

Ash in the water is damaging to the chicken frogs skin. Many habitats were wiped out by pyroclastic flow. The volcano releases gases that poison the plants and cause acid rain. The pyroclastic flow reached far enough to the damage a popular reef. The spot used to be popular with divers but it is expected never to recover