Volcanoes Flashcards
Where is Mount Pinatubo located?
Luzon, The Philippines
Which kind of plate boundary does Mount Pinatubo lie on?
Destructive, where the dense oceanic crust of the Philippines plate is subducted below the less dense continental crust of the Eurasian plate
How many active volcanoes are there in The Philippines?
Over 30
When was Mount Pinatubo’s last eruption (before case study)?
1380
What were the slopes of Pinatubo used for?
An indigenous group called the Aeta use the land for subsistence farming as the soil is fertile
What points of interest are there near Pinatubo?
The rapidly growing city of Angeles, a US air base and a US naval station
How close is the US naval station to Pinatubo?
The station is 50 miles south of the volcano
When did Pinatubo first show signs of erupting?
Early June, giving authorities time to evacuate thousands from Angeles and 15,000 personnel from the US air base
What happened to Pinatubo’s eruptions after June 9th?
They increased in size and number
On what date did Pinatubo erupt majorly?
12th June 1991
What was the main characteristic of Pinatubo’s eruption?
A 30km cloud of ash and steam
Which eruption was the third largest of the 20th century?
Pinatubo
After one month Pinatubo’s ash cloud had circled the Earth, causing…
Increased ozone destruction and lowering of global temperatures; it may have delayed global warming by several years
After the eruption of Pinatubo, over 10 cm of ash fell over what distance?
600 km radius
What affect did the ash have on communities in the Philippines?
All nearby crops were destroyed, 200,000 homes collapsed under the weight (as well as a hospital)
How many people died as a result of the Pinatubo eruption, and what were the main causes?
Around 700; over 600 from disease, 70 from suffocation, six as a direct result of the eruption
Why did disease spread so quickly after the Pinatubo eruption?
Farmers and their families had to take refuge in shanty-type refugee camps
Define pyroclastic flow/surge?
A high density mixture of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases that move away from the volcano at high speeds
How do pyroclastic flows move?
As a basal flow of coarse material that moves along the ground, destroying everything it its path, and a turbulent cloud of ash that may leave a layer of ash for miles around
What are lahars?
Mass movements of rock fragments and water that flow down slopes and river valleys after a volcanic eruption
How many people were displaced due to lahars after the eruption of Pinatubo?
50,000; sediment was deposited by rain induced lahars
What was the name of the volcano that erupted on Montserrat in 1997?
Soufriere Hills