Volcanoes

Question 1

State all 4 structures of the Earth and their functions

Answer 1

Inner Core - hot radioactive centre made out of solid metal

Outer Core - liquid metal layer that has been melted by the inner Core

Mantle - semi molten layer of rock that is very viscous

Crust - solid outer layer of rock that contains tectonic plates

Question 2

What are the 2 types of volcanoes?

Answer 2

Shield volcano - short and wide

Composite volcano - tall and narrow

Question 3

Why do some people live near volcanoes?

Answer 3

Fertile soil - a volcanic eruption releases many minerals which can improve the quality of the soil, resulting in healthy and better quality crops

Tourism - many people visit Volcanic areas creating jobs in the tourism sector for people

Geothermal energy - the steam released from volcanic rocks can generate renewable energy

Mineral extraction- precious minerals are released from volcanoes, creating jobs in the mining sector for locals

Question 4

Name some primary effects of the volcano

Answer 4

Ash clouds can cancel flights

Local towns are damaged by lava and Ash

Local rivers are filled with Ash and rock killing many animals

Pyroclastic flows destroy nearby area

Question 5

Describe convection currents

Answer 5

Heat from the inner Core of the earth causes magma to rise. As it rises it cools down and is pushed out of the way by more rising magma from below. Cooler magma falls where it is heated again. This creates convection currents which cause tectonic plates to move

Question 6

Describe plate boundaries

Answer 6

Constructive - the two plate boundaries move away from eachother creating a gap. Magma from the mantle rises up to replace the gap, forming new land. This creates shield volcanoes.

Destructive - the oceanic and continental plates move towards eachother. The oceanic plate sinks as it is denser. It is melted and turns into magma. This causes the magma to build up beneath the Earth’s surface, which eventually emerges creating composite volcanoes

Conservative - plates move past eachother creating friction. This causes the plates to stop moving, causing the pressure to build up which is releases as an earthquake