Volcanoes

Question 1

Lava flows (primary)

Answer 1

Streams of lava that have erupted onto the Earth’s surface. Fast flowing lava can be very dangerous which depends on the lava’s ​viscosity​ (the explosivity and viscosity depends on ​silicon dioxide​ content)

Question 2

Pyroclastic flows (primary)

Answer 2

This is a mixture of hot dense rock, lava, ash and gases which move very quickly along the surface of the Earth. Due to their ​high speeds​, pyroclastic flows are extremely dangerous and can cause ​asphyxiation​ for anyone caught by the flow

Question 3

Tephra and ash flows (primary)

Answer 3

When pieces of volcanic rock and ash are blasted into the air. This can cause serious ​damage to buildings​, which can collapse under the weight of ash or tephra

Question 4

Volcanic gases (primary)

Answer 4

Gases like ​sulphur dioxide​ ​and​ ​carbon monoxide​ are released into the atmosphere. Due to their potency, volcanic gases can travel long distances

Question 5

Lahars (secondary)

Answer 5

Combination of ​rock, mud and water​ which travel quickly down the sides of volcanoes. These can occur when the heat of the eruption causes snow and ice to melt or alternatively when an eruption coincides with heavy rainfall

Question 6

Jokulhlaup (secondary)

Answer 6

Snow and ice in glaciers melt after an eruption which causes ​sudden floods​ that are very dangerous

Question 7

Acid rain (secondary)

Answer 7

caused when gases such as ​sulfur dioxide ​are released into the atmosphere