Hazards

Question 1

Hydro-meteorological

Answer 1

Caused by climatic processes

Question 2

Geophysical

Answer 2

Caused by land processes

Question 3

Intra-plate earthquake

Answer 3

earthquakes in the middle of plates, caused by previous weaknesses which release seismic waves when reactivated

Question 4

Volcanic hotspot

Answer 4

E.g. Ring of fire
a ​localised area of the lithosphere​ (Earth’s crust and upper mantle) which has a high temperature due to the upwelling of hot molten material from the core

Question 5

Plume

Answer 5

Magma rising as hot rock. (Hawaii hotspot)

Question 6

OFZ (Oceanic Fracture Zone)​

Answer 6

This is a belt of activity through the oceans and along the mid-ocean ridges through Africa, the Red Sea, the Dead Sea

Question 7

CFZ (Continental Fracture Zone)​

Answer 7

This is a belt of activity along the mountain ranges from Spain through the Alps to the Middle East and to the Himalayas.

Question 8

Crust

Answer 8

Also known as the ​lithosphere​. The uppermost layer of the Earth which is thinnest, least dense and lightest. Oceanic crust is only ​7km thick, ​whereas continental crust can be up to ​70km thick​.

Question 9

Mantle

Answer 9

May also be called the ​asthenosphere. Largely composed of silicate rocks, rich in iron and magnesium. The mantle is ​semi-molten​ and a ​temperature gradient (towards the core) generates ​convection currents​. This causes the circulation of the mantle and may contribute to the lithosphere’s plate tectonic movement

Question 10

Outer core

Answer 10

Dense, ​semi-molten​ rocks containing iron and nickel alloys.

Question 11

Inner core

Answer 11

It’s over ​5150km​ below the Earth’s crust. The inner core is solid due to the ​extreme pressures​ it experiences