Volcanoes Flashcards
What is tephra?
solid matter ejected by a volcano into the air
What are pyroclastic flows?
fast-moving currents of hot gas and volcanic debris, that travel own the slope of volcanoes during an eruption
What is a mudflow/lahar?
Water and ash combine to form a concrete like substance which flows down the side of a volcano (occupying a river channel) at high speeds due to gravity.
What type of volcano is Mt Mayon?
composite
What are the names of the 3 major cities surrounding Mt Mayon?
Tobaco, Legaspi, Ligao
What date in 2018 did Mt Mayon start erupting?
13th January 2018
What was done as soon as PHIVOLCS raised the alert level from 1 to 2?
evacuation of 40,000 people from 6km evacuation zone (13/01/2018)
Give 3 short term impacts of the 2018 eruption of Mt Mayon
- no deaths
- 68,000 evacuated in 58 evacuation centres
- schools/colleges shut
- flights cancelled
- roads blocked
How much damage was done to agriculture following the 2018 eruption?
US $3.4 million
What are some challenges to managing the risk of an eruption?
- no warning signs
- lack of functioning government
- local people may not understand the risk
- it relies on understanding from past eruptions
- tourists
How many hygiene packs were provided? Over how long? (Mt Mayon response)
50,000 over 10 days
Name 3 countries that advised against tourism to Mt Mayon after its eruption in 2018?
UK, USA, Canada
How did the ‘Cash for Work’ scheme help the country to recover from the 2018 eruption of Mt Mayon?
US $1million from Filipino government.
- unemployed farmers were able to work
- work helped rebuilding and recovery
How are lahars formed?
-Tropical storm occurs after and eruption
-The eruption rapidly melts ice
Give an example of a lahar
Nevado Del Ruiz eruption which caused a lahar killing over 20,000 people in Armero, Columbia
