VOLCANO : Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland Flashcards
1
Q
When it erupted?
A
2010
2
Q
Plate boundary?
A
Constructive
3
Q
Landform?
A
Hot spot
4
Q
Type of volcano?
A
Stratovolcano
5
Q
Type of lava?
A
Basaltic and andesitic lava
6
Q
Eruption frequency?
A
3 times in last 2000 years
7
Q
Eruption magnitude?
A
VEI 4
8
Q
Primary hazards?
A
- magma combined with the ice cap to form glass-like shards and ash
- 1/4 million cubic metres of ash
- lava flows
9
Q
Secondary hazards?
A
- lahars (ice caps melted)
- ash entered jet stream
10
Q
Primary impacts?
A
- ash fallout disrupted farms
- Keflavik airport closed
11
Q
Secondary impacts?
A
- many European airports closed
12
Q
Economic impacts?
A
- £130 million lost each day by airlines
- received 1000 tourists by March
13
Q
Social impacts?
strandings and evacuated
A
- 7 million stranded
- 1000 people evacuated
14
Q
Environmental impacts?
A
- less air and noise pollution
15
Q
Political impacts?
A
- many politicians couldn’t travel to the state funeral of the Polish PM and his wife
16
Q
Risk?
A
- volcanoes aren’t that dangerous; ice cap caused most problems
- lots of magma was left over from last eruption
17
Q
Vulnerability?
A
- good hazard perception in Iceland
- sparsely populated but wealthy
18
Q
Short-term responses?
A
- closure of airspace/ports (engine damage)
- instructed to remain inside, wear PPE and close livestock up
19
Q
Long- term management strategies?
A
- improved engine design
- forecasting ash movements
