Volcanic ash and Vog

Question 1

What is volcanic ash

Answer 1

Finely ground volcanic rock, glass

Question 2

What is the most widespread volcanic hazard

Answer 2

Volcanic ash

Question 3

What happens to ash in jet engines

Answer 3

Melts and coats the turbine blades, which may shut down engines.

Question 4

What is a signal that a dormant volcano is reawakening

Answer 4

Earthquakes

Question 5

What happened to KLM flight in 1989

Answer 5

FLew through ash cloud in Mt. redoubt. all 4 engines stalled , but managed to restart and land safely at anchorage.

Question 6

Plate tectonic setting of Aleutian islands, in Alaska

Answer 6

Subduction zone, gives you a chain of volcanos

Question 7

what happens when plates don’t subduct?

Answer 7

Then 2 plates collide and form mountain range like himalayas

Question 8

how thick are tectonic plates

Answer 8

100km thick

Question 9

explain the aleutian subduction plate formation

Answer 9

• South plate went below north
• going down releases water which promotes melting of magma, which leads to magma release
• trapped magma makes it explosive
• increased stress causes more earthquakes

Question 10

what can you find in active subduction zones

Answer 10

earthquakes and volcanoes

Question 11

What’s another word for tectonic plate

Answer 11

Lithosphere

Question 12

what are the volcano alert colours

Answer 12

Green, yellow, orange, red

Question 13

health risks of people at anchorage against ash

Answer 13

• damage lungs
• with rainfall can clog sewages
• structural damage on building due to heavy weight
• slippery: tamper road conditions
• can cause skin injury because it’s sharp

Question 14

eyjafjallajokull volcano, where is it?

Answer 14

Iceland

Question 15

Diameter of Katla’s caldera

Answer 15

10km

Question 16

when did katla last erupt? how much bigger was it compared to Eyjafjallajokull?

Answer 16

1918, 3 times bigger. has potential for much larger eruptions.

Question 17

Potential sign of pressure building in Katla’s magma chamber? how is it being monitored?

Answer 17

Building of caldera, uplift of surface. Monitored by GPS.

Question 18

different between Eyjafjallajokull and Katla’s volcanic plumbing system?

Answer 18

Eyjafjallajokull has magma intrusion through sills
Katla has magma chamber

Question 19

Plate tectonic setting of iceland

Answer 19

• on mantle plume
• on the mid-atlantic ridge
• not a subduction zone or a chain would be seen

Question 20

Health hazard without eruption

Answer 20

Vog

Question 21

Where are Vogs seen

Answer 21

Hawaii

Question 22

What winds in Hawaii Vog

Answer 22

• north-easterly trade winds
• southern kona winds
• emission source from white plume

Question 23

what is vog composed of

Answer 23

SO2 and aerosols
- aerosols created when SO2 combines with other volcanic gases, interacts with O2, moisture , dust and sunlight for minutes to days

Question 24

What is particulate matter of Vog

Answer 24

PM2.5, respirable particles

Question 25

how can vog grow

Answer 25

by abosrbing water vapour and other gases to move up human tracts

Question 26

symptoms of vog

Answer 26

cough, irritation everywhere, chest tightness