Volatile Poisons Flashcards
Color/Form of Ethyl Alcohol
- clear
- colorless
- very mobile liquid
Taste of Ethyl Alcohol
Burning
ODOR of Ethyl Alcohol
Mild, rather pleasant, like wine or whiskey & ethereal
CHEMICAL FORMULA of Ethyl Alcohol
CH3CH2OH
Test for Ethanol
- Chromic Acid Test
- Ethyl acetate test
Ethyl acetate is the acetate ester formed between __________ and _________.
Acetic acid and ethanol
Positive result of Chromic Acid Test. What color?
Red to green
Positive result of Ethyl Acetate Test.
Plastic balloon-like odor
Methanol metabolized by________.
Liver
Majority of poisoning in Methanol occurred in ___________.
Adulterated beverages
Colorless liquid, alcoholic pungent odor
METHYL ALCOHOL
Methanol metabolized thru oxidative stage:
FORMALDEHYDE
FORMIC ACID
CARBON DIOXIDE
Serious toxicity in Methanol
0.25ml/kg of 100%
Fatalities of Methanol
0.5ml/kg of 100%
Specific alcohol dehydrogenase antagonist
FOMEPIZOLE
Loading dose of FOMEPIZOLE
5mg/kg IV over 30 min
ACIDOSIS
is emporize w/ __________.
Sodium bicarbonate IV
Inhibits the toxic metabolites of Methyl Alcohol.
ETHANOL THERAPY
LABORATORY TEST FOR METHANOL
KMnO4 test / Baeyer’s test
Positive test result of Methanol.
Discoloration of KMNO4
Disappearance of the purple color turned to _______.
Brownish colored solution
White crystals, colorless liquid
CHLORAL HYDRATE
CHLORAL HYDRATE taste
Slightly bitter, caustic taste
ODOR of CHLORAL HYDRATE
aromatic, penetrating odor
Used as treatment for insomnia.
CHLORAL HYDRATE
Use in human as sedative or hypnotic drugs.
CHLORAL HYDRATE
Chloral hydrate is converted to the active
compound ______________.
TRICHLOROETHANOL
Treatment in Hypotension of CHLORAL Hydrate
Infuse 10-22mL/kg isotonic fluid
Hypotension persist, administer __________ &____________.
Dopamine or
Norepinephrine
Treatment for Ventricular dysarrythmias
Propranolol or Esmolol
if previous are unsuccesful give __________&___________.
LIDOCAINE AND PHENYTOIN
TEST FOR CHLORAL HYDRATE
•Ammonium Sulfide Test
Test result for CHLORAL HYDRATE
Formation of red color or red precipitate
Colorless gas or liquid
HYDROCYANIC ACID
Fatal dose of HYDROCYANIC ACID
300 mg/m3 in air in about 10 minutes
ODOR of HYDROCYANIC ACID
Bitter almond odor
TASTE of HYDROCYANIC ACID
Bitter, Burning taste
PROPHYLAXIS/TX
of HYDROCYANIC ACID
Sodium thiosulfate
Sodium nitrite or 4‐dimethylaminophenol (4 – DMAP)
Dicobalt edetate or hydroxocobalamin.
LABORATORY TEST for HYDROCYANIC ACID
- AgNO3 test
- Prussian blue Test for Presence of Cyanide
AgNO3 test reagents used:
HNO3 and AgNO3
Results of AgNO3 test
White precipitate
Prussian blue test for Presence of Cyanide reagents used:
KOH, Ferrous sulfate, Ferric chloride
Results of Prussian Blue test for presence of Cyanide?
Prussian blue (blue color)
TEST FOR PHOSPORUS
- Ammonium Molybdate Test
- Ammonium magnesium Phosphate test
Other names of PHOSPHORUS
Light Carrier, St. Elmo’s Fire
Applications in soda beverages of PHOSPHORUS is
PHOSPHORIC ACID
Applications in production of fertilizer of PHOSPHORUS is ___________.
AGRICULTURE
APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHORUS
AGRICULTURE
PHOSPHATES
PHOSPHORIC ACID
PESTICIDES
Phosphorus used in smoke bombs.
White Phosphorus
Phosphorus used in matchbooks strikers and flare.
Red Phosphorus
Ingestion of White
Phosphorus
SMOKING STOOL SYNDROME
Chronic White Phosphorus
poisoning
Necrosis in the jaw ( “Phossy Jaw or
Lucifer’s jaw”)
ALLOTROPIC FORMS that are poisonous.
White/Yellow Phosphorus
ALLOTROPIC FORMS that are non- poisonous.
Red Phosphorus
Most stable and non-toxic allotropic form.
Black Phosphorus
Garlic-like odor, Acid
PHOSPHORUS
Positive results of Ammonium Molybdate Test
Pale yellow solution
Positive results of Ammonium magnesium Phosphate test
White precipitate
Applications of Phosphorus that are used in special glasses for sodium lamps.
PHOSPHATES
ALLOTROPIC FORMS used in fireworks and incendiary bombe of US military.
White/Yellow Phosphorus
