Voiding Symptoms

Question 1

What is bladder outlet obstruction?

Answer 1

Flow of urine out of bladder into urethra impaired because neck of bladder doesn’t open properly during voiding

Question 2

Why may bladder outlet obstruction occur?

Answer 2

Mechanical blockage
- Scar tissue
- Bladder stones
- Tumours
Neuromuscular disorder preventing outlet from functioning

Question 3

What is the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction?

Answer 3

Benign prostate hyperplasia

Question 4

What is benign prostate hyperplasia?

Answer 4

Enlargement of prostate gland

Question 5

In whom does benign prostate hyperplasia occur?

Answer 5

Men as they grow older

Question 6

What cluster of symptoms does bladder outlet obstruction produce?

Answer 6

Voiding symptoms

Question 7

What do voiding symptoms include?

Answer 7

Hesitancy
Straining
Dribbling

Question 8

What is hesitancy?

Answer 8

Difficulty patient has with initiating urinary stream

Question 9

What is straining?

Answer 9

Weak and trickling stream due to decreased force during micturition and may need to strain to pass urine

Question 10

What is dribbling?

Answer 10

Petering out at end of stream

Question 11

What sensation can incomplete emptying of the bladder lead to?

Answer 11

Fullness in bladder

Question 12

What can happen to the detrusor muscle as a consequence of bladder outlet obstruction?

Answer 12

Hypertrophied

Irritable

Question 13

What can a hypertrophied and irritable detrusor muscle cause?

Answer 13

Dysuria

Storage symptoms

Question 14

Can a person with bladder outlet obstruction present with both storage and voiding symptoms?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What can happen with a severe blockage?

Answer 15

Damage to ureters and kidneys

Question 16

What is urinary retention?

Answer 16

Can’t void at all

Question 17

What is nocturia?

Answer 17

Urge to urinate at night

Question 18

What cluster of symptoms can nocturia occur with?

Answer 18

Storage or voiding symptoms

Question 19

In what situations can nocturia occur?

Answer 19

Irritation of urinary tract
Bladder outlet obstruction
Conditions causing polyuria; eg: diabetes
Excessive consumption of the following, especially before bedtime
- Coffee
- Tea
- Alcohol
Early symptom of chronic renal failure

Question 20

What can nocturia lead to?

Answer 20

Sleep deprivation

Risk of falls and injury, especially in elderly