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A Level Biology Flashcards > Voice of the Genome > Flashcards

Voice of the Genome Flashcards

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1
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

Features that could be used to identify…

a eukaryotic cell

A

Have membrane bound organelles
Contain:
- Vesicles
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Golgi Apparatus
- Rough / Smooth Endoplasmic Recticulum

Larger ribosome size than prokaryotic
Contains linear DNA
DO NOT CONTAIN plasmids in cytoplasm

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2
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

Features that could be used to identify…

a prokaryotic cell

A

They contain:
- Cell Wall
- Pili
- Flagellum
- Mesosome
- Capsule

Have circular DNA in plasmids
Smaller ribosome size that eukaryotic cells

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3
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Nucleus

EUKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE -
surrounded by double membrane
containing pores
molecules can leave and enter the cell

FUNCTION -
stores DNA
coordinates cell activities

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4
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Nucleolus

EUKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE-
found within nucleus
made of proteins & RNA

FUNCTION-
produces ribosome

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5
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum

EUKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE-
series of flattened sacs
large numbers of ribosomes on surface

FUNCTION-
protein synthesis & folding

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6
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Smooth Endoplasmic Recticulum

EUKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE-
series of membrane-bound sacs
without ribsomes on surface

FUNCTION-
produces & processes lipids

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7
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Golgi Apparatus

EUKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE-
flat, curved, fluid filled sacs
surrounded by vesicles.

FUNCTION-
processes and packages proteins & lipids
produces lysosomes.

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8
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Mitrochondria

EUKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE-
bound by a double outer membrane
inner membrane folded to increase surface area

FUNCTION-
site of respiration
ATP production

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9
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Centrioles

PROKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE-
hollow cylinders containing microtubules

FUNCTION-
involved in cell division

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10
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Ribosomes

EUKARYOTE/PROKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE-
composed of 2 subunits
small subunit: mRNA binds and is decoded
larger subunit: amino acids get added

FUNCTION-
site of protein synthesis

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11
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Lysosome

EUKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE-
vesicles filled with digestive enzymes
bound by single membrane

FUNCTION-
breaksdown any cells waste
destroys disease- causing organisms that enter the cell

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12
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Capsule

PROKARYOTE

A

STRUCTURE-
Mucus like layer

FUNCTION-
Protection & Prevents dehydration

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13
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Mesosome

PROKARYOTE

A

FUNCTION-
Site of Aerobic Respiration
Replication and Attatchment of DNA occurs

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14
Q

EUKARYOTIC VS PROKARYOTIC

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Pilli

PROKARYOTE

A

FUNCTION-
Transfers genetic material from one bacteria cell to another
via conjugation

KEY WORD - Conjugation
The exchange of genetic material between bacteria via the pilli.

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15
Q

FORMATION OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES

The role of the rough endoplasmic recticulum

A
  • Rough endoplasmic recticulum contains ribsomes
  • These produce proteins which are then folded
  • They can then be secreted out of the cell
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16
Q

FORMATION OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES

The role of the golgi apparatus and vesicles

A
  • Protein enters the golgi apparartus
  • Protein is modified inside the golgi apparatus.
  • Protein is then modifiied into secretory vesicles
  • Vesicles then fuse with the cell surface membrane
17
Q

TISSUES;ORGANS;SYSTEMS

Difference between a tissue and organ.

A
  • Tissue is made of one type of cell
  • Organ is made of different tissues
18
Q

TISSUES;ORGANS;SYSTEMS

How does a Tissue differ from a system?

Structure

A
  • a Tissue is made of one type of cell
  • a system is made of many different types of tissues/organs
19
Q

REPRODUCTION

The Egg

How is it adapted for its function

A

Contains layer called:
* Zona Pellucida
hardens to prevent polyspermy

Contains follicular cells in corona radiata
provides suitable environment for egg development

20
Q

REPRODUCTION

The Sperm

How is it adapted for its function

A
  • Has an acrosome head:
    -contains digestive enzymes

Breaks down wall of zona pellucida of ovum

Contains mitochondria - energy

Flagellum Tail - swim faster towards egg and fuse with its cell surface membrane.

21
Q
A

A Level Biology Flashcards (8 decks)

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