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Voice Exam 1 > Voice Disorders: Part 1 > Flashcards

Voice Disorders: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ results from misuse or abuse of the vocal mechanism.

A

Phonotrauma

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2
Q

_______ results from a disease process or may be congenital.

A

Organic

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3
Q

_______ muscle tensions dysphonias.

A

Functional

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4
Q

_______ results from an underlying psychological issue and presents no identifiable vocal pathology.

A

Psychogenic

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5
Q

_______ results from damage to the RLN or SLN, disease processes that affect these nerves, or brain injuries or lesions.

A

Neurological

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6
Q

What are the 6 possible phonotrauma disorders?

A
  1. Vocal fold nodules
  2. Vocal fold polyps
  3. Reinke’s Edema
  4. Traumatic Laryngitis
  5. Vocal fold hemorrhage
  6. Vocal fold cysts
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7
Q

This is caused by: chronic/continuous abuse (yelling, hard glottal attacks, excessive coughing/throat clearing), excessive laryngeal muscle tension, incorrect singing technique, excessive strain which could result in increased medial compression and impact force.

A

Vocal Fold Nodules

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8
Q

Vocal Fold Nodules are…

A
  • bilateral
  • occur in SLP
  • soft, gelatinious –> harden & fibrous
  • occur at juncture of ant. 1/3 & post. 2/3 VF
  • interfere w/ movement of mucosal wave
  • hour glass glottic closure
  • aperiodic vibration of VF
  • more common in adult woman, more common in boys
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9
Q

Perceptual Characteristics of Vocal Fold Nodules

A

Roughness, breathiness, decreased loudness, vocal strain/effort

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10
Q

Acoustic Characteristics of Vocal Fold Nodules

A

Decreased pitch and loudness ranges, increased frequency/intensity perturbations, increased noise levels

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11
Q

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Vocal Fold Nodules

A

increased airflow rates, increased subglottal pressure

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12
Q

What are some patient complaints of vocal fold nodules?

A

Vocal fatigue, sensation of something in throat, vocal effort/strain, pain if muscle tension is present

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13
Q

Stroboscopic characteristics of Vocal Fold Nodules

A
  • hourglass closure
  • bilateral lesions at juncture of ant. 1/3 & post. 2/3 of membranous VFs.
  • decreased or absent mucosal wave in region of nodule
  • decreased amp. of vibration
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14
Q

Vocal fold polyps are caused be?

A

an isolated acute episode of vocal abuse OR a period of vocal abuse (ie: screaming @ a concert/sports event, excessiving yelling, screaming…).

*Possibility of occurrence increases if VFs are already irritated, inflamed or swollen.

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15
Q

Vocal fold polyps

A

Are soft fluid filled outgrowth of tissue in SLP, usually UNILATERAL.

  • can be sessile (broad based) or pedunculated (narrow stem)
  • can occur anywhere along membranous VFs, but usually occur in same area as nodes
  • can be fluid, hemorrhagic or fibrous
  • hour glass or irregular closure
  • if fluid filled=add mass to VFs but decrease stiffness
  • if hemorrhagic= stiffness is increased
  • pt. complaints similar to those w/ nodes
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16
Q

Perceptual characteristics of polyps

A

rough, breathy, sometimes diplophonic, strained

17
Q

Acoustic characteristics of polyps

A

decreased pitch & loudness ranges, incr. freq./intensity perturbations, incr. noise levels

18
Q

Aerodynamic characteristics of polyps

A

incr. air flow due to hourglass or irregular closure & increased subglottal pressure

19
Q

Videostroboscopic Characteristics of Polyps

A
  • increased mass, unilateral
  • incomplete closure- depends on size & type
  • affected side vibrates @ decreased freq.
  • aperiodicity (hoarseness)
  • pedunculated may not affect vibration
  • mucosal wave incr. or decr.
  • amp. of vibration as above
20
Q

______: is the natural reaction of laryngeal tissue to trauma or abuse :: _______: is almost always related to smoking & more common in females

A

Edema :: Reinke’s Edema

21
Q

a build up of fluid in the superficial lamina propria layer (Reinke’s space) of VFs; can be bilateral or unilateral

A

Edema

22
Q

Edema decreases mass of VFs but may decrease or incrase stiffness. T or F?

A

False; Edema increases mass of VFs

23
Q

Perceptual characteristics of Reinke’s Edema

A

low fundamental frequency, roughness, vocal effort

24
Q

Acoustic characteristics of Reinke’s Edema

A

loss of high pitches, decreased pitch range

25
Q

Aerodynamic characterisics of Reinke’s Edema

A

increased air flow, normal Ps

26
Q

Patient complaints of Reinke’s Edema

A

vocal fatigue, low pitch, dry throat, vocal effort

27
Q

Videostroboscopic characteristics

A
  • bilateral swelling along entire membranous length of VFs (can be unilateral)
  • glottic closure is usually complete
  • if unilateral, affected VF may interfere w/ vibration of unaffected VF
  • phase asymmetry- especially if unilateral
  • decreased amp. of vibration
  • mucosal wave - depends on degree of stiffness
28
Q

Traumatic Laryngitis is caused by?

A

trauma to vocal fold tissue, usually by excessive yelling, screaming or loud talking.

29
Q

Characteristics of traumatic laryngitis

A
  • VFs are erthematous (red) & swollen
  • voice is hoarse, low pitched, & breathy
  • resolves w/in a few days to 2 weeks
  • may be accompanied by VF hemorrhage
30
Q

Chronic laryngitis results if?

A

vocal abuse continues, particularly if patient w/ laryngitis is using more effort or straining to speak (negative compensatory strategies)

31
Q

_______=ruptured blood vessel in submucosal layer due to damage to the small, delicate blood vessels of the VF layers. Can increase VF stiffness and mass.

A

VF hemorrhage

*VF tissues damaged by blood

32
Q

What is the cause of VF hemorrhage?

A

usually phono trauma or trauma to VFs during surgery or medical procedure

33
Q

What can increase risk of VF hemorrhage?

A

use of anticoagulant medicines like aspirin, ibuprofen & coumadin

34
Q

Perceptual characteristics of VF hemorrhage

A

Dysphonia to aphonia; hoarseness

35
Q

Acoustic characteristics of VF hemorrhage

A

decreased pitch & loudness ranges, increased pitch and intensity perturbations

36
Q

Videostroboscopic characteristics of VF hemorrhage

A
  • patchy red area on VF surface
  • decreased mucosal wave
  • decreased amp. of vibration
  • non-vibratory portion @ hemorrhage site

Voice Exam 1 (7 decks)

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