Voice A&P Slides 25-50

Question 1

3 forces during passive expiration?

Answer 1

1. Torque
2. Elasticity
3. Gravity
   - natural forces that restore the muscle to a relaxation state

Question 2

What is torque?

Answer 2

twisting of a shaft (rib) while not permitting one end to move

Question 3

Elasticity refers to?

Answer 3

the chondral portion of the rib cage

Question 4

Gravity allows?

Answer 4

the restoration of the rib cage to drop down to its resting state

Question 5

Active Expiration does what?

Answer 5

reduces size of thoracic cavity by pressing on the abdomen and forcing more air out of the lungs beyond the passive expiration level

Question 6

What is Quiet Tidal Breathing?

Answer 6

Respiration for Life

One Cycle = 1 inspiration and 1 expiration

Question 7

What are the number of quiet tidal breathing cycles an adult has per minute?

Answer 7

12-18 cycles

Question 8

What are the types of respiration?

Answer 8

1. Quiet Inspiration
2. Forced Inspiration
3. Passive Expiration
4. Active Expiration

Question 9

What muscles does Quiet Inspiration use?

Answer 9

utilizes the Diaphragm & External Intercosal m. (not accessory m.)

Question 10

What muscles does Forced Inspiration use?

Answer 10

Diaphragm & External Intercosal m. & many Accessory m. (for speech)

Question 11

What is Passive Expiration?

Answer 11

allows forces to go back to resting position after inspiration

Question 12

What is Active Expiration?

Answer 12

use of muscular effort to push beyond resting position

Question 13

Measurements of Respiration?

Answer 13

Spirometer & Manometer

Question 14

What does a Spirometer measure?

Answer 14

Respiratory flow, volumes, and lung capacities

Question 15

What measurements of the Spirometer are we interested in?

Answer 15

FVC-Forced Vital Capacity (all air in 1 inspiration)

FEV1-Forced Expiratory Volume

Question 16

What does the Manometer measure?

Answer 16

Air Pressure

Question 17

What two types of air pressure does the Manometer measure?

Answer 17

MIP - Maximum Inspiratory Pressure

MEP - Maximum Expiratory Pressure

Question 18

What do Volumes apply a number to?

Answer 18

Amount of air in each compartment of the respiratory system (alveoli)

Question 19

Volumes are measured in?

Answer 19

Milliliters (ml) or Liters (L)

Question 20

Capacities are?

Answer 20

functional units of measurement that represent combination of volumes

Question 21

Capacities are measure in?

Answer 21

Milliliters (ml) or Liters (L)

Question 22

What are the 4 types of Volume?

Answer 22

1. Tidal Volume (TV)
2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
3. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
4. Residual Volume

Question 23

What is Tidal Volume (TV)?

Answer 23

Volume of air exchanged in One Cycle of respiration

Question 24

What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

Answer 24

volume of air that can be inhaled AFTER tidal inspiration

Question 25

What is an example of IRV?

Answer 25

Yawn

Question 26

What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?

Answer 26

volume of air exhaled AFTER tidal expiration

Question 27

What does FEV1 stand for?

Answer 27

Forced Expiratory Volume in the 1st second

Question 28

What is Residual Volume (RV)?

Answer 28

amount remaining in the lungs AFTER maximum exhalation

Question 29

What are the two Capacities?

Answer 29

1. Vital Capacity | 2. Total Lung Capacity

Question 30

Vital Capacity or Forced Vital Capacity measures?

Answer 30

Volume of air inhaled following maximal exhalation

Question 31

IRV + ERV + TV =?

Answer 31

VC

Question 32

Vital Capacity represents?

Answer 32

the capacity available for speech

Question 33

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the sum of what?

Answer 33

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume

Question 34

IRV + ERV + RV + TV =?

Answer 34

TLC

Question 35

How are Vital Capacity & Total Lung Capacity different?

Answer 35

- Vital Capacity represents the volume of air involved in maximal respiratory cycle (WITHOUT RV) - Total Lung Capacity INCLUDES RV

Question 36

Minimum power source to make the VF move would elevate a column of water?

Answer 36

between 3-5 cm H2O

Question 37

Minimal cmH20 you can barely hear?

Answer 37

3-4 cm H20

Question 38

Conversational speech of cmH20?

Answer 38

7cmH20 (65dB)

Question 39

Louder speech of cmH20?

Answer 39

12 cmH20 (85dB)

Question 40

Implications for voice production?

Answer 40

you need to take enough air in (volumes and capacities) to get words out

Question 41

The respiratory system operates at two levels of what simultaneously?

Answer 41

two levels of PRESSURE simultaneously

Question 42

What is the first level of pressure for the respiratory system?

Answer 42

Subglottal Pressure

Question 43

What is required of subglottal pressure?

Answer 43

required to drive the vocal folds apart

Question 44

What is air pressure?

Answer 44

force exerted on the walls of a chamber by molecules of air

Question 45

P=F/A stands for?

Answer 45

Pressure is a Force exerted on Area

Question 46

What are the pressures of the respiratory system?

Answer 46

1. Atmospheric Pressure (Patm) 2. Intraoral Pressure (Pm); oral cavity 3. Subglottal Pressure (Ps); below VF 4. Alveolar/lung Pressure (Pal) in thoracic cavity

Question 47

What is the structure of phonation?

Answer 47

Larynx

Question 48

What is the sound source?

Answer 48

Phonation (Voicing)

Question 49

What is the framework of the larynx? 7 parts?

Answer 49

1. Hyoid Bone 2. Epiglottis 3. Thyroid Cartilage 4. Corniculate Cartilages 5. Arytenoid Cartilages 6. Cuneiform Cartilages 7. Cricoid Cartilages

Question 50

What is the motor innervation to the larynx?

Answer 50

VAGUS Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 51

What cranial nerves provide Sensory innervation to the larynx?

Answer 51

1. Glossopharyngeal (IX) 2. Internal Laryngeal (X)-above false VF 3. RLN (X)-below false VF

Question 52

What are the 4 laryngeal functions?

Answer 52

1. Respiration 2. Protection - Cough 3. Protection - Swallowing 4. Phonation