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Voice Disoders > Voice A&P Slides 25-50 > Flashcards

Voice A&P Slides 25-50 Flashcards

1
Q

3 forces during passive expiration?

A
  1. Torque
  2. Elasticity
  3. Gravity
    - natural forces that restore the muscle to a relaxation state
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2
Q

What is torque?

A

twisting of a shaft (rib) while not permitting one end to move

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3
Q

Elasticity refers to?

A

the chondral portion of the rib cage

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4
Q

Gravity allows?

A

the restoration of the rib cage to drop down to its resting state

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5
Q

Active Expiration does what?

A

reduces size of thoracic cavity by pressing on the abdomen and forcing more air out of the lungs beyond the passive expiration level

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6
Q

What is Quiet Tidal Breathing?

A

Respiration for Life

One Cycle = 1 inspiration and 1 expiration

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7
Q

What are the number of quiet tidal breathing cycles an adult has per minute?

A

12-18 cycles

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8
Q

What are the types of respiration?

A
  1. Quiet Inspiration
  2. Forced Inspiration
  3. Passive Expiration
  4. Active Expiration
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9
Q

What muscles does Quiet Inspiration use?

A

utilizes the Diaphragm & External Intercosal m. (not accessory m.)

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10
Q

What muscles does Forced Inspiration use?

A

Diaphragm & External Intercosal m. & many Accessory m. (for speech)

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11
Q

What is Passive Expiration?

A

allows forces to go back to resting position after inspiration

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12
Q

What is Active Expiration?

A

use of muscular effort to push beyond resting position

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13
Q

Measurements of Respiration?

A

Spirometer & Manometer

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14
Q

What does a Spirometer measure?

A

Respiratory flow, volumes, and lung capacities

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15
Q

What measurements of the Spirometer are we interested in?

A

FVC-Forced Vital Capacity (all air in 1 inspiration)

FEV1-Forced Expiratory Volume

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16
Q

What does the Manometer measure?

A

Air Pressure

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17
Q

What two types of air pressure does the Manometer measure?

A

MIP - Maximum Inspiratory Pressure

MEP - Maximum Expiratory Pressure

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18
Q

What do Volumes apply a number to?

A

Amount of air in each compartment of the respiratory system (alveoli)

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19
Q

Volumes are measured in?

A

Milliliters (ml) or Liters (L)

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20
Q

Capacities are?

A

functional units of measurement that represent combination of volumes

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21
Q

Capacities are measure in?

A

Milliliters (ml) or Liters (L)

22
Q

What are the 4 types of Volume?

A
  1. Tidal Volume (TV)
  2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  3. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  4. Residual Volume
23
Q

What is Tidal Volume (TV)?

A

Volume of air exchanged in One Cycle of respiration

24
Q

What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

A

volume of air that can be inhaled AFTER tidal inspiration

25
Q

What is an example of IRV?

A

Yawn

26
Q

What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?

A

volume of air exhaled AFTER tidal expiration

27
Q

What does FEV1 stand for?

A

Forced Expiratory Volume in the 1st second

28
Q

What is Residual Volume (RV)?

A

amount remaining in the lungs AFTER maximum exhalation

29
Q

What are the two Capacities?

A
  1. Vital Capacity

2. Total Lung Capacity

30
Q

Vital Capacity or Forced Vital Capacity measures?

A

Volume of air inhaled following maximal exhalation

31
Q

IRV + ERV + TV =?

A

VC

32
Q

Vital Capacity represents?

A

the capacity available for speech

33
Q

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the sum of what?

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Tidal Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume + Residual Volume

34
Q

IRV + ERV + RV + TV =?

A

TLC

35
Q

How are Vital Capacity & Total Lung Capacity different?

A
  • Vital Capacity represents the volume of air involved in maximal respiratory cycle (WITHOUT RV)
  • Total Lung Capacity INCLUDES RV
36
Q

Minimum power source to make the VF move would elevate a column of water?

A

between 3-5 cm H2O

37
Q

Minimal cmH20 you can barely hear?

A

3-4 cm H20

38
Q

Conversational speech of cmH20?

A

7cmH20 (65dB)

39
Q

Louder speech of cmH20?

A

12 cmH20 (85dB)

40
Q

Implications for voice production?

A

you need to take enough air in (volumes and capacities) to get words out

41
Q

The respiratory system operates at two levels of what simultaneously?

A

two levels of PRESSURE simultaneously

42
Q

What is the first level of pressure for the respiratory system?

A

Subglottal Pressure

43
Q

What is required of subglottal pressure?

A

required to drive the vocal folds apart

44
Q

What is air pressure?

A

force exerted on the walls of a chamber by molecules of air

45
Q

P=F/A stands for?

A

Pressure is a Force exerted on Area

46
Q

What are the pressures of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Atmospheric Pressure (Patm)
  2. Intraoral Pressure (Pm); oral cavity
  3. Subglottal Pressure (Ps); below VF
  4. Alveolar/lung Pressure (Pal) in thoracic cavity
47
Q

What is the structure of phonation?

A

Larynx

48
Q

What is the sound source?

A

Phonation (Voicing)

49
Q

What is the framework of the larynx? 7 parts?

A
  1. Hyoid Bone
  2. Epiglottis
  3. Thyroid Cartilage
  4. Corniculate Cartilages
  5. Arytenoid Cartilages
  6. Cuneiform Cartilages
  7. Cricoid Cartilages
50
Q

What is the motor innervation to the larynx?

A

VAGUS Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

51
Q

What cranial nerves provide Sensory innervation to the larynx?

A
  1. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  2. Internal Laryngeal (X)-above false VF
  3. RLN (X)-below false VF
52
Q

What are the 4 laryngeal functions?

A
  1. Respiration
  2. Protection - Cough
  3. Protection - Swallowing
  4. Phonation

Voice Disoders (2 decks)

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