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Voice Disoders > Neurogenic Voice Disorders > Flashcards

Neurogenic Voice Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

The CNS contains?

A
  • motor cortex, primary motor strip, midbrain, brainstem
  • Broca’s area
  • Insula
  • Precentral gyrus
  • Basal Ganglia/Thalamus
  • Temporal Lobes (Heschyl’s gyrus)
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2
Q

Motor cortex, primary motor strip, midbrain, and brainstem do what?

A

provide motor control of the larynx

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3
Q

What role does Broca’s area play in voice?

A

Voice Response (preplanning)

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4
Q

What role do the insula play in voice?

A

Motor Planning for voice

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5
Q

What role does the precentral gyrus play in voice?

A

Voice Production

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6
Q

What role does the Basal Ganglia play in voice?

A

Sensory info. for vocalizing (motor)

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7
Q

What is the Temporal Lobe (Heschyl’s Gyrus) in charge of?

A

Audition

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8
Q

What Cranial Nerves of the PNS are involved in phonation/voice?

A
  1. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  2. Vagus (X)
  3. Spinal Accessory (XI)
  4. Hypoglossal (XII)
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9
Q

The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) does what?

A

innervates Motor to the Stylopharyngeus (elevates the larynx)

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10
Q

The Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) does what?

A
  1. Innervates neck accessory m. (SCM & strap)
  2. Innervates Levator Veli Palatini
  3. Innervates Uvula
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11
Q

The Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) does what?

A
  1. Depression/elevation of larynx (via tongue m.)

2. Neck strap m.

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12
Q

What are the branches of the Vagus Nerve (X)?

A
  1. Pharyngeal Branch
  2. Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN)
  3. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN)
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13
Q

The Superior Laryngeal Nerve does what?

A
  1. SENSORY (internal branch): mucous membrane & supraglottal larynx
  2. MOTOR (external branch): CT-Cricothyroid m.
    - ->PITCH!!!
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14
Q

The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve does what?

A
  1. RIGHT - loops behind Right Carotid & Right Subclavian
  2. LEFT - loops around the aortic arch
  3. MOTOR - Thyroarytenoids (TA) of the VF Posterior Cricoarytenoid (PCA)-abductor, Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA)-adductor, Transverse Arytenoids-adductors, Oblique Arytenoids (adduction)
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15
Q

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve can be damaged during?

A

surgery-can be nicked (causing voice loss, paresis/paralysis; which can be temporary…or not), RLN can also be stretched (causing sluggishness)

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16
Q

What are the Neurogenic Etiologies?

A
  1. Congenital (Huntington’s)
  2. Lesion/Tumor/Disease (Dysarthria, Stroke, Cancer)
  3. Trauma (TBI, n. trauma)
17
Q

What are the Neurogenic Disorders?

A
  1. Lower Motor Neuron (LMN)
  2. Upper Motor Neuron (UMN)
  3. Mixed
18
Q

What are the LMN Neurogenic Disorders?

A
  1. Vocal Fold Paralysis
    2 Myasthenia Gravis
  2. Guillaine-Barre
  3. Flaccid Dysarthria
19
Q

What are the UMN Neurogenic Disorders?

A
  1. Spastic Dysarthria
  2. Hypokinetic Dysarthria (Parkinson’s Disease)
  3. Hyperkinetic Dysarthria (SD-Spastic Dysphonia, essential tremor)
  4. Ataxic Dysarthria
20
Q

What are the Mixed Neurogenic Disorders?

A
  1. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  2. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
  3. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
21
Q

What is the LMN involvement of neurogenic disorders?

A

Flaccidity, weakness, reduced m. contraction, reduced range of motion (ROM)

           - Flaccid Dysarthria
           - VF Paralysis
           - Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
           - Guillaine Barre
22
Q

What is the UMN involvement in neurogenic dysarthrias; specifically Spastic Dysarthria?

A

Spasticity/hypertonicity, strain/strangle, short phonation time, monopitch (CTM controlled by SLN), (uncontrolled mvmt. spasims)
-Spastic Dysarthria

23
Q

What is the UMN involvement in Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A

Rigidity, Bradykinesia (moving slower), Limited ROM (effecting all m. of the body), Resting Tremor (unintentional)

24
Q

What is the UMN involvement in Hyperkinetic Dysarthria?

A

Uncontrolled Movements & Strain/Strangle (voice quality)

25
Q

What is the UMN involvement in Ataxic Dysarthria?

A

Cerebellar lesion, Prosodic slow down, resonance changes, inarticulation, intoxicated

(drunken speech, approximating but not hitting where they should, cerebellar –>balance, coordination)

26
Q

What is the most common (usual) Mixed Dysarthria?

A

Flaccid & Spastic

27
Q

How is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) usually mixed?

A

UMN & LMN

28
Q

Multiple Sclerosis is a Mixed Dysarthria where what occurs?

A

myelin sheath degeneration

29
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is what kind of a mixed dysarthria?

A

Variable

30
Q

What are the 3 types of Spasmodic Dysphonia?

A
  1. Adductor (spasming closed)
  2. Abductor (spasming open)
  3. Mixed
    * All Hyper

Voice Disoders (2 decks)

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