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CSD > Voice > Flashcards

Voice Flashcards

1
Q

During quiet inhalation the vocal folds (abduct/adduct), moving (towards/away) from the midline and (widening/shortening) the glottis.

A

abduct; away; widening

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2
Q

During quiet exhalation the vocal folds (abduct/adduct), moving (towards/away) from the midline and (widening/shortening) the glottis.

A

adduct; toward; always maintaining open glottal airway

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3
Q

The larynx moves (vertically/horizontally) during respiration; it moves (upward/downward) during inhalation, and (upward/downward) during expiration.

A

vertically; downward; upward

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4
Q

The downward movement (decreases/increases) the size of the inlet, admitting a larger volume of inhaled air; co-occurs with downward movement of the diaphragm.

A

increases

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5
Q

The larynx is sealed to prevent air from (entering/escaping) from the lungs during effortful physical work, such as lifting and pushing. What is this process called?

A

escaping; Effortful Closure

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6
Q

What compresses the thoracic and abdominal contents during coughing, throat clearing, vomiting, defecation, childbirth, etc?

A

Effortful Closure

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7
Q

True or false. The hyoid bone is a part of the larynx.

A

False

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8
Q

What structure is most impactful for respiration than any other function?

A

larynx

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9
Q

Which structure of the larynx are brought to the midline during Effortful Closure?

A

Arytenoid Cartilage

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10
Q

The _______ cartilage is elevated during effortful closure, approximating the hyoid bone, as subglottic pressure increases/decreases.

A

Thyroid Cartilage; increases

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11
Q

When does the larynx begin to rise?

A

When bolus enters back of tongue

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12
Q

True or False. The Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles will always have one connected to the larynx and one connected to an outside structure.

A

True

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13
Q

What happens during rising and lowering of Larynx?

A
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14
Q

What are the three major extrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid, Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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15
Q

Which muscles attach to the hyoid bone and influence the position and stability of the larynx?

A

To the hyoid bone and influence the position and stability of the larynx

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16
Q

Where do the Supplementary Muscles attach?

A

Supplementary Muscles

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17
Q

Which group of Supplementary Muscles insert into the hyoid bone from the skull? Contraction of these muscles raise the larynx

A

Suprahyoid group

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18
Q

Which group of Supplementary Muscles insert into the hyoid bone from the sternum? Contraction of these muscles lower the larynx.

A

Infrahyoid group

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19
Q

Which muscles are considered Suprahyoid Supplementary Muscles? There are four.

A

Digastric, Geniohyoid, Mylohyoid, Stylohyoid

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20
Q

Which muscles are considered Infrahyoid Supplementary Muscles? There are three.

A

Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternohyoid

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21
Q

True or False: The extrinsic laryngeal muscles also come into play slightly during production of higher and lower pitches (especially in untrained singers)

A

True

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22
Q

Which structures raise the larynx? Pick seven.

A

Digastrics, Geniohyoid, Mylohyoid, Stylohyoid, Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Thyrohyoid

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23
Q

Which structures lower the larynx? Pick three.

A

Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid
(3) ?
(4) True
(5) Perichondrium

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24
Q

Which structures move the larynx forward? Pick five.

A

Sternothyroid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Genioglossus

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25
Q

Which structures move the larynx backward? Pick three.

A

Omohyoid, Digastric, Stylohyoid

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26
Q

Which cartilages are paired? Unpaired? Epiglottis, Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform

A

Paired: arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform. Unpaired: epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid

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27
Q

Which cartilages are elastic? Hyaline? Epiglottis, Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform

A

Elastic: epiglottis, corniculate, cuneiform. Hyaline: Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid

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28
Q

What are three types of cartilages in the body?

A
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29
Q

True or False: The epiglottis contributes very little to speech.

A

True

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30
Q

What is the name of the tough leathery covering on laryngeal cartilages?

A

Perichondrium

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31
Q

What is the cone shaped, elastic cartilage that extends into the aryepiglottic folds?

A
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32
Q

The ______ is also known as the laryngeal vestibule and is the entrance to the larynx.

A
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33
Q

The aditus laryngis is a __________-shaped opening, wider in front than back and slopes obliquely down and back.

A
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34
Q

The filtering affect continually changes as the need for voice production changes.

A
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35
Q

The ventricular folds are also known as the _______ vocal folds.

A
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36
Q

The ___________ is the space between the false and true vocal folds.

A
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37
Q

The area between the vocal folds is called the _____ _________.

A
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38
Q

The _______ refers to the vocal folds and the space between them

A
39
Q

Within the (ventricular space/rima glottidis/glottis) are sacs that secrete mucous.

A
40
Q

What is the purpose of the sacs that secrete mucous in the ___________?

A
41
Q

The laryngeal cavity can be divided into the _____________ and _____________ space.

A
42
Q

The (subglottis/supraglottis) is narrower than the (subglottis/supraglottis).

A
43
Q

At the subglottal space, pressure (increases/decreases) to prepare for voice production.

A
44
Q

What 2 systems coordinate all laryngeal coordinations?

A
45
Q

The extrinsic laryngeal muscles are primarily innervated from the _______ _______.

A
46
Q

What type of voice disorder results in a Vocal Nodule?

A

Functional Voice Disorder

47
Q

Ventricular Dysphonia is also known as…

A

dysphonia plicae ventricularis

48
Q

What type of voice disorder is this: Dysphonia in the absence of current organic pathology, without obvious psychogenic or neurologic etiology

A

Functional Voice Disorder

49
Q

What are the two categories of Functional Voice Disorders?

A
  1. Muscle Tension Dysphonia
  2. Psychogenic Dysphonia
50
Q

What are the most common benign lesions of the vocal folds in both childrens and adults?

A

Vocal Fold Nodules

51
Q

What is the cause of Vocal Fold Nodules?

A

Continuous abuse of the larynx and misuse of the voice

52
Q

What is a persistent dysphonia that results from excessive laryngeal and related musculoskeletal tension and associated hyperfunctional true and/or false vocal fold vibratory patterns

A

Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD)

53
Q

True or False: MTD is a common voice disorder

A

True

54
Q

What is the primary sign of Primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia?

A

Perceptual Hoarseness in Voice

55
Q

True or False: Nodules are generally bilateral

A

True

56
Q

True or False: Formation of nodules is preceded by a localized vocal fold edema.

A

True

57
Q

Which factor does NOT contribute to MTD?
* Deviant body posture and misuse of neck and shoulder muscles
* High stress levels
* Underuse of voice
* Persistently loud voice use
* Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease

A

Underuse of Voice. Excessive voice use is a factor that contributes to MTD

58
Q

True or False: A Vocal Fold Polyp is typically unilateral

A

True

59
Q

What are the comorbidities of MTD?

A

significant emotional stress, depression

60
Q

A Vocal Fold Polyp may be misdiagnosed as a Vocal Fold Nodule because….

A

unilateral polyp may cause irritation to contralateral side, therefore appearing as a nodule, since nodules are bilateral

61
Q

True or False: Acute nodules are soft/pliable, reddish, mostly vascular/edematous, and unilateral.

A

True

62
Q

According to Boone, what is the rating you want to be between to achieve your “best voice”?

A

Between 3 and 4 is the best voice

63
Q

True or False: Research shows that children with vocal nodules are at higher risk of developing behavioral and emotional issues.

A

True

64
Q

In a study by Shah, what percentage of patients had nodules?

A

42%

65
Q

In the study by Shah, what was the average age of those who had vocal nodules?

A

7.7 years of age

66
Q

True or False: Hyperfunction of voice and size of vocal nodules are correlated

A

True

67
Q

What are the 5 auditory features of vocal nodules?

A
  1. Breathiness and air wastage
  2. Decreased habitual pitch and pitch range
  3. Decreased habitual loudness and dynamic range
  4. Hoarse voice quality
  5. Vocal fatigue
68
Q

True or False: When a vocal nodule is present, the Vocal Fold cover is stiff and more massive, and vibration is aperiodic; posterior glottal chink may be observed with hourglass closure

A

True

69
Q

True or False: The bigger the nodule, the higher the risk of dyspnea and dysphagia

A

True

70
Q

True or False: A vocal fold nodule is a localized fluid filled sack on vocal fold

A

False! Vocal polyp

71
Q

What are the three types of vocal fold polyps?

A
  1. Hemorrhagic
  2. Non-hemorrhagic Translucent
  3. Non-hemorrhagic Fibrotic
72
Q

True or False: A Pedunculated Polyp is attached to the vocal fold by a slim stalk

A

True

73
Q

True or False: Vocal fold polyps and Vocal fold nodules often occur in similar locations on the vocal fold

A

True

74
Q

True or False: Vocal fold polyps are often bilateral

A

False! Unilateral

75
Q

True or False: A key difference between a vocal fold polyp and a vocal fold polyps is that a polyp is precipitated by a particular vocal event.

A

True

76
Q

Which type of growth (nodule/polyp) is typically caused by a particular vocal event and is not a long-time occurrence.

A

A vocal fold polyp

77
Q

True or False: Research study: In the Kleinsasser study, they had the largest number of participants than other studies.

A

True

78
Q

In the Kleinsasser study, what percentage of the participants were male/female? What was the average age of participants?

A

3/4 male
1/4 female
Over 40 yo

79
Q

True or False: Vocal fold polyps are often a response to surgery.

A

True

80
Q

What is Microflap surgery?

A

A surgery intended to remove a vocal fold polyp by raising a flap of mucosa, removing the polyp by suctioning it, and laying the flap back down on the vocal fold

81
Q

In the Klein study, they reported than more than half their patients experienced spontaneous resolution of their polyps within what amount of time?

A

4-7 months

82
Q

True or False: Though polyps are typically unilateral, a nodule can develop on the other side due to irritation from the polyp.

A

True

83
Q

True or False: the auditory features of a polyp and nodules are the same

A

True

84
Q

True or False: Eliminating the cause of the polyp will remove the vocal polyp

A

True

85
Q

Which disorder is most frequently associated with smoking?

A

Reinke’s Edema

86
Q

What is the treatment for Reinke’s Edema?

A
  • Voice Therapy
  • Resolving the cause (quitting smoking, less vocal use)
  • Antacid for laryngopharyngeal reflux
  • Surgical
87
Q

What is the first path of treatment for Reinke’s Edema?

A

Voice Therapy

88
Q

What is the main cause of Ventricular Dysphonia?

A

Idiopathic

Other causes include: habitual voice use, reaction to TVF disease (paralysis, post-surgery complication)

89
Q

Who will be the first professional to see a person with laryngitis first?

A

PCP

89
Q

A Vocal Fold Cyst is an example of what type of voice disorder? (Functional, Organic, Neurogenic)

A

Organic

90
Q

True or False: Surface tissue of TVF and FVF experience intense friction, thermal agitation, and molecular breakdown.

A
90
Q

What does “Vagus” mean?

A

Wanderer

90
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

the maximum volume of air that can be expired following a maximum inspiration

91
Q

True or False: During vocal rest, it is okay to allow patients to whisper to compensate for their voice loss.

A

FALSE they cannot whisper

CSD (6 decks)

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